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官员自曝检疫制度隐患:被动出证 追溯制没实际意义

2016-04-13 00:15:04   人民日报

原标题:畜牧局干部致信人民日报:基层动物检验检疫制度几十年不变隐患大

我国养殖业长期以来形成的分散生产和自由经营现状,导致养殖场户在出栏动物时不主动报检,逃避检疫、拒绝接受检疫等违法行为时有发生,加之基层检疫设备不完善,检疫手段原始落后,制度设计从上世纪50年代以来一成不变,使动物检疫工作面临全新的挑战,与当今社会发展与民众要求相距甚远。

现将当前基层动物检疫工作中亟待解决的问题综述如下,望能引起重视。

问题一:生产方式落后,质量难以控制

我国是传统的农业大国,长期以来走的是一条小农经济道路,从业门槛低,产业规模小,众多农民以分散生产和自由经营为主,加之生产方式落后,人员素质普遍较低,管理粗放,较为原始,导致生产效率不高,质量难以控制。近年来,虽然规模化比重有了一定提升,但在广大农村,目前养殖业仍然处于小规模、低水平、无标准的状态,实施有效监管存在很大难度。

质量是生产出来的,仅靠监管不行。要从生产源头提升质量,当前必须增强人们的检疫意识和法制观念,强化生产者食品安全的主体责任,提升主动报检率。

问题二:提前报检制度得不到执行,使检疫的前置程序一般难以完成,只好被动出证

长期以来,由于产销脱节,大多数养殖者不能够提前决定出栏时间,一般都是中间交易商到场临时定了价格后才能现卖现报,这样检疫员到场时往往生猪已经装车,因活体动物受称重、应激反应等影响,按规定装车后不检疫,让畜主或货主将动物卸车也不现实,况且因此发生纠纷后又面临赔偿问题,实际执行起来难度很大。由于提前报检制度不能得到执行,检疫的前置程序一般难以完成,但为了方便群众,避免发生纠纷,在保证动物临床检查健康的情况下,只好被动出证、不符合程序出证(事实上是不出不行)。

问题三:畜禽标识与动物分离,养殖户不能完整记载养殖档案,使追溯制失去实际意义

按照农业部发布的《畜禽标识和养殖档案管理办法》,畜禽养殖者应当向当地县级动物疫病预防控制机构申领畜禽标识,并按下列规定对畜禽加施畜禽标识:(1)新出生畜禽,在出生后30天内加施畜禽标识;30天内离开饲养地的,在离开饲养地前加施畜禽标识;(2)猪、牛、羊在左耳中部加施畜禽标识,需要再次加施畜禽标识的,在右耳中部加施。但目前有些地方实行的是标识由乡镇站所保存,出栏时再去戴标。由于养殖户不能完整记载养殖档案(大部分根本不记录),其养殖信息的连续性、完整性、真实性存疑,且又不能执行提前报检制度,往往是现卖现报,检疫员只能在车上打标,这样动物的来源地存在隐患,究竟此猪是此猪还是彼猪,检疫员仅凭肉眼很难识别。因此,应强化标识和养殖档案管理,在第一次免疫时就佩戴耳标,以后按照耳标补免,既可以防止漏免情况发生,又能够保证标畜不分离,买卖、出栏时标随畜走。在实施检疫时,通过查验畜禽标识和养殖档案,没有标识和养殖档案的说明来源有问题,不得出具检疫证,从源头上保障畜禽产品的质量安全。

问题四:检疫设备不完善,检疫手段落后,使检疫质量难以保证

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