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金融教授:《证券法》要设计重罚体系

2016-03-10 05:20:25    京华时报

 搞注册制新三板最适合

京华时报:中央为什么强调大力发展多层次资本市场?新三板又在其中扮演多大角色?

贺强:简单一个道理,多层次的意义很多,因为中国的企业是多层次的,从业绩排队来讲是多层次,从规模来讲也是多层次的,有大的、有小的、有中的,中国企业是多层次的,多层次的资本市场才能为多层次的企业提供更好的服务。

交 易所、主板为大公司服务,但是三板可以为小公司服务。而且我还有一个观点,交易所市场只是证券市场的核心,但是绝对不是主体,很多人以为核心就是主体,错 了,主体应该是范围更加广阔的证券场外市场,而场外市场也要多层次,现在三板以外还要设立四板、五板。这样都做起来后,就可以使更多的公司通过资本市场来 融资。像美国,七成以上的证券交易都在场外,场内交易不到三成,占大头的是场外交易。

新三板现在必须和主板有所区别,它和沪深交易 所是不一样的,最大的区别就是新三板对中小企业亲和力非常强,新三板的上市条件硬性规定就是一条,设立且存续超过两年,没有财务门槛,后来因为券商怕自己 担责任,才把门槛提高了。新三板市场本身没有条件、没有门槛,只要企业想挂牌,就登记、备案、注册。所以搞注册制,新三板最适合。

很 多根本上不了主板的企业,在市场那么低迷、缺钱的时候,一上新三板就活了、重新转型了、发展了。新三板确实做了很多好事,而且发展很快,去年底有5100 多家上市企业,到现在5800多家。从挂牌家数来讲,远远超过了沪深交易所,也超过了美国纳斯达克市场,这个速度世界之最。

谈互联网金融

  互联网金融领域应推行分类监管

京华时报:您今年提出了《关于打击违法违规行为保证互联网金融健康发展的提案》,对互联网金融的监管怎么看?

贺 强:互联网金融的本质是金融,发展互联网金融可以促进大众创业,万众创新。但是,在金融领域创新也需谨慎。我们应该实行扶优限劣的原则,对于蚂蚁金服等具 有一定规模与实力,具有大数据能力的大机构、大公司,我们应当在政策上给予鼓励与帮助,促进其规范化发展。而对于没有资质的公司与个人,绝对不能让他们发 展互联网金融业务。“一行三会”应该对不同的互联网金融业务订立有关的资质条件,并负责注册把关,严格实行持牌经营。“一行三会”在互联网金融的监管有所 分工,众筹属于证监会,第三方支付属于央行,P2P属于银监会,互联网保险属于保监会,这个可以理解为是分类监管。现在要考虑的是,在分类监管基础上, “一行三会”如何协同监管。

 政府对征信机构应开放更多信息

京华时报:今年以来,讨论得最多的是大数据征信,您如何看待大数据征信在互联网金融中的作用?

贺 强:中国约存在8亿的潜在消费信贷用户。但是,在这8亿人当中,只有3亿有征信数据,没有征信记录的人数多达5亿。这种状况,是无法满足互联网金融这种普 惠金融发展需要的。建议政府向市场化征信机构开放公积金、社保、低保、婚姻状况、水电煤、交通违章罚款逾期等居民信息,盘活政府数据。在用户授权的情况 下,更好地开展征信服务,让没有信贷记录的人也能得到客观的信用评价,及时地对有信用的人提供各项互联网金融业务服务。

京华时报记者陈艳

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