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政协委员孙洁:生育险应纳入医保

2016-03-03 04:57:02    京华时报

参保者不到医保1/3

孙 洁介绍,《企业职工生育保险试行办法》规定的生育保险的保障对象只有城镇企业的已婚女性职工,没有把广大的行政、事业单位、乡镇企业、个体经营者以及城乡 居民纳入生育保险的范围之内,造成了其他的人员丧失了享受生育保险待遇的权利,以及公共卫生资源享受上的不公平。

同时,生育保险费 用是由用人单位缴纳的,个人没有资格缴纳,所以其他非正规就业的妇女,以及就业单位不愿为其缴费的妇女,都享受不到生育保险待遇。我国有2.6亿农民工, 其中外出打工近1.7亿人,女性约占30%,总量接近5000万。这样一个数量庞大的群体,生育保险几乎完全没有覆盖。

相对于已基本实现全民覆盖的医疗保险来说,我国现有生育保险覆盖面过窄,主要针对城镇企业职工。人社部公布的数据显示,截至2015年底,全国只有1.78亿人参加生育保险,不到城镇基本医疗保险参保人数6.66亿人的1/3。

◎问题3

公平性不足

非职工和农民享不到

孙洁透露,根据现行制度安排,不同身份的社会成员适用不同的生育保障制度,享受不同的保障待遇。国家机关和事业单位职工享有良好的生育保障,企业职工次之,农民和城镇非工薪居民基本上没有生育保障。

据 初步估计,如果不考虑城乡物价水平差异,2011年职工实际报销数额约为农民的4倍。全面放开二孩政策后,这种不公平现象将会呈现加剧的趋势。用人单位缴 费、职工受益是现行生育保险制度的核心,而城乡居民和农民工或因无职业关系、或因非城镇户籍而无法纳入制度覆盖、无法享受生育津贴等生育险相应待遇。这种 制度分设、待遇悬殊的生育保障制度安排,表明这一领域存在着不公平,也不利于缩小城乡差别。

◎问题4

操作存困难

支付范围与医保交叉

由 于生育保险和医疗保险两者在性质及标准上有很大相似性,绝大多数国家都是将生育保险和医疗保险合并在一起的,生育保险只是医疗保险的组成部分。孙洁对此表 示,在我国实践中,关于“因生育引起疾病的医疗费,由生育保险基金支付”的待遇支付标准过于原则,而实际执行的随意性大。问题的关键在于目前国家并未规定 哪些病种属于生育引起的,这导致操作中出现困难,各地做法不能统一,加大了生育保险社会化的难度。

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