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个税改革方案即将上报 教育费用或先纳入抵扣

2016-02-01 05:27:18   华夏时报

而在一些个税制度比较成熟的国家,一般采取的是综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制,除了对个人不同收入来源采取相应的分类外,还采用综合个人所得税制,将其全年的收入纳入计税范围。

“个人所得税综合税制从2007年以来已经做了铺垫,比如说年收入12万元是要做综合申报。综合各方面的情况看,2020年之前个人所得税综合税一定会成为现实,只是说综合范围有多大,仅仅从工薪所得扩展到劳务所得,把所有的收入纳入综合所得,这有一点回旋余地,但是开征,由分类转向综合是可以实施的。”中国社会科学院财经战略研究院院长高培勇表示。

以家庭征缴

此次个税改革的第一步就是合并部分税目,是将工薪所得、劳务报酬、稿酬等经常性、连续性劳动所得等,合并为“综合所得”;其他财产性所得以及临时性、偶然性所得仍作为“分类所得”。这同时为税前扣除做出了铺垫。

就一般规律来说,纳入综合的种类越多,调节收入分配就越有力度,但同时征管运行成本也会越高。就中国此次改革而言,工资、薪金所得,劳务报酬所得,财产转让所得,承包经营、承包承租经营所得都有可能纳入综合征收范围。

“公司经营者,其所得税计算,要扣除掉日常的费用开支、固定资产的折旧,而务工人员要开展工作,一样会有各种损耗等‘成本’,但它却被算作纯收入用于计税。”浙江省政协委员宗馥莉说,这些“成本”实际上应该扣除后计算。

目前针对某些特殊领域,中国的个税改革已在进行有益的尝试。去年5月,财政部发布通知称,对试点地区个人购买符合规定的商业健康保险产品的支出,允许在当年(月)计算应纳税所得额时予以税前扣除,扣除限额为2400元/年。上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院税收系主任朱为群表示,将子女教育及职业教育纳入专项抵税这是国外的大趋势。按照国外经验来看,一般规定是家庭有一个孩子或两个孩子,个人所得税扣除的定额是不一样的。同时职业教育,比如参加考试的考试费、培训费等,也在个税里确定了一个扣除额。

2012年3月,一份由国家发改委起草的报告就郑重提出了以家庭为个税征收主体,个人所得税按照综合征收,以此降低赋税。实际上,以家庭为个税征收主体的制度,按照劳务性收入、财产性收入和偶然所得进行分类征税,不仅比抬高免征额更趋合理,也能让中产阶层利用税收扣除优惠政策来实现合理避税。比如适时引入家庭支出申报制度,即在保持以个人为纳税单位的基础上,进一步允许夫妻联合申报家庭赡养老人、子女教育、住房按揭贷款利息等相关支出,并在夫妻之间分摊扣除或由一方扣除,夫妻双方分别纳税。

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