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中信银行爆9.69亿票据案 违规资金流入股市

2016-01-29 07:13:01    界面

原标题:票据自查的多米诺骨牌效应推至股市 中信银行再爆9.69亿票据案

新年年初到1月28日,上证指数已从一月高点的3538点,跌至近日收盘2655.66点,下跌了近882点。而近期下跌原因之一则归咎于商业银行自查票据案件,引起大量票据违规资金入市,同时由于五大行自查暂停票据,引起市场资金利率上升。

仅距农业银行北京分行票据案几日之后,中信银行再爆票据风险案件。

1月28日早间,有媒体爆出中信银行票据案后,中信银行当日下午发布公告确认,“近日,中信银行兰州分行发生票据业务风险事件,经核查,涉及风险资 金金额为9.69亿元。目前,公安机关已立案侦查。本行在积极配合侦办工作,加强与相关机构协调沟通,最大限度保证资金安全。”

据财新报道,中信银行兰州分行跟杭州票据中介有长期合作关系,已经约定好利率和出票规模,开票企业也联系好了。但中介挪用了票据资金,银行的票据卖出去,资金却没有还给银行。中介挪用资金的用途之一,是去配置炒股。

中信建投银行业分析师杨荣分析道,通过票据贴现余额与上证指数的对比,发现其有强烈的正相关性票据贴现进入股市估计并非个案。

无论是农行票据案还是中信银行票据的发生,都是出现在票据贴现、转贴现过程之中,利用时间差获得低资本资金,挪作他用。银行承兑汇票原本是一种解决贸易双方信任问题的支付工具(带融资功能),最后被当成了中小企业的纯融资工具。

票据规模并未上升,但票据融资主要弥补的是不同地区、不同信贷需求方的补充融资手段。据央行数据显示2015年末,未贴现的银行承兑汇票余额为5.85万亿,同比下降14.8%。

一位城商行人士向界面新闻记者解释称,在融资需求旺盛的地区,票据融资一系列的信贷腾挪十分常见。特别是不同地区商业银行资金的信贷额度不均衡时,票据融资是信贷额度不足的替代品。但缺少电子化,这些不均衡的信贷规模也成为了票据中介眼中可以标价的产品,进行买卖。

票据中介从企业收票,跟贴现银行进行对接,赚取之间的费用,企业也可以提前使用几个月之后才能够兑现的资金。部分农信社会计不规范,收票之后,并未体现在资产负债表之内,在2011年左右,河南农信社就有万亿规模票据未体现在表内,而受到银监会的惩罚,暂停票据业务。

除此之外,企业开具银行承兑汇票,商业银行会根据企业资质收取一定的保证金,保证金则计入存款,也成为了银行揽储的一个手段,刺激银行开票的欲望。 与此同时,央行的信贷额度控制,也使得票据成为了银行腾挪贷款的有利工具之一。随着票据市场规模的快速增长,票据中介也开始活跃并做起了买卖。

随着银行、企业、票据中介等越来越胆大之后,之前的开票、贴现等基础流程不断升级,虽然监管机构均会提示票据风险,但是也逐渐演变成如今的农行、中信等大额票据风险案件。

票据的异动,也引起了银监会的注意。在2015年12月末,银监会下发《关于票据业务风险提示的通知》,在通知中提出了多项违规问题。新年以来,大行已经开始暂停票据,进行自查。

王剑认为,银行的考核体系以及票据操作环节中需要手工处理,并且中介参与,存在监管漏洞等造成了套利模式逐步向高风险升级,甚至演变成违法犯罪。

“案件重大,且年年有发生,料将引起高层重视。监管机构将会更加积极推动电子票据,同时还需要铲除导致票据业务异化的土壤即合理满足中小企业融资需求,纠正对银行各种过时的监管和考核。”王剑分析道。

责任编辑:刘德宾 SN222

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