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北京启动5年期“城市减重行动”

2016-01-21 05:36:52    新京报

与脊灰灭活疫苗相比,脊灰监督活疫苗接种简便、成本低、便于运输,自1963年起,大多数国家以三价减毒活疫苗(Sabin株)作为主要的脊灰免疫措施。但是,极少部分免疫缺陷者使用减毒活疫苗后,会成为疫苗衍生脊灰病毒的携带者。

世界卫生组织在《消灭脊髓灰质炎最后阶段战略计划(2013~2018)》中提出,到2018年要全面停用减毒活疫苗,使用灭活疫苗,以实现消灭脊髓灰质炎野病毒和消灭疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒两个平行目标。在过渡期,免疫程序中应至少包括一针脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗。

目前,国产脊灰灭活疫苗也已获批上市,以替代减毒活疫苗(俗称“糖丸”),将助力我国彻底消灭脊灰。

2016年1月1日起,北京市卫生计生委针对接种一类疫苗引起的预防接种异常反应病例,试行引入商业保险补偿机制。

慢性病管理因地制宜

北京启动5年期“城市减重行动”

背景:连续5年的“北京健康白皮书”——《北京市卫生与人群健康状况报告》显示:恶性肿瘤、心脏病和脑血管病持续位列人群死因前三位。三种疾病引发的死亡占总死亡数的3/4,发病率也呈现逐年上升趋势。究其原因,肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、缺乏体力活动、不良饮食结构等慢性病危险因素在居民生活中普遍存在。其中,肥胖既是一种独立的疾病,又是2型糖尿病、心血管病、高血压、中风和多种癌症的危险因素。

北京市每三年一次的慢性病及危险因素监测数据显示,与2011年相比,2014年18-79岁常住居民肥胖率(体重指数BMI≥28.0kg/m2)由19.1%升至21.9%,中心性肥胖(男性腰围≥90.0cm,女性腰围≥85cm)由35.8%升至38.1%。

举措:超重和肥胖的根本原因是摄入的能量与消耗的能量不平衡,遗传因素只占20%-40%,改变生活方式是预防肥胖和减重的关键。为降低慢性病发病风险,改善居民肥胖和超重趋势,引导健康饮食、科学锻炼的行为和习惯,结合《健康北京人—全民健康促进十年行动规划》,2015年6月,北京市卫生计生委和北京市体育局联合启动“阳光长城计划——城市减重行动”。

成效:2015年,全市成年人缺乏体力活动的比例从“十二五”初期的30.1%下降至26.0%,血脂异常的患病率从51.0%下降到44.1%;居民高血压和糖尿病的知晓率逐年提高,相关指标控制率呈良性好转趋势。

展望:城市减重行动为期5年(2015—2020年)。北京市卫生计生委和市体育局还初步制定了5年行动计划各年度的主题,例如2015年围绕“知晓您的体重”普及健康体重知识和理念,后续还将从推动体质测定、倡导健走运动、推进家庭运动计划、号召职工适量运动、引导理性选择专业健身等方面开展工作。

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