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北京机动车年排放污染物70万吨

2016-01-14 03:30:26    新京报

原标题:北京机动车年排放污染物70万吨

目前北京机动车保有量已达561万辆,年排放污染物70万吨。据测算,机动车排放的一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)、碳氢化合物(HC),分别占到该类污染物全市排放总量的86%、56%和32%。

近两年,随着机动车排放标准的提高和车辆结构的优化,在机动车总量增长了约30万辆的基础上,年排放污染物下降了约20万吨。

2014年北京的PM2.5来源解析显示,长年看,在本地排放来源中,机动车排放占比约1/3,为PM2.5本地来源“最大户”。为了进行机动车排放污染防控,北京在排放标准、油品质量、淘汰老旧机动车等方面实施综合减排措施,在重污染期间强化应急响应。

数据显示,在重大活动或重污染期间,北京采取的机动车限行等综合措施,对污染物减排比例可达20%至40%。新京报记者 邓琦

  追问1

  机动车排放污染究竟有多大?

2014年上半年,北京发布PM2.5来源解析的最新研究成果。北京全年PM2.5来源中,本地污染排放“贡献”占64%至72%,其中,机动车、燃煤、工业生产、扬尘为主要来源,分别占31.1%、22.4%、18.1%和14.3%。

也就是说,在北京本地污染来源中,机动车占比超3成,对PM2.5的“贡献”最大。

市环保局机动车排放管理处副处长连爱萍介绍,机动车排放的污染物类型最多,也最复杂。机动车不仅直接排放PM2.5,包括有机物(OM)和元素碳(EC)等一次颗粒物,同时还排放挥发性有机物(VOCs)、氮氧化物(NOx)等气态污染物,这些都是PM2.5中二次有机物和硝酸盐的“原材料”,同时也是造成大气氧化性增强的重要“催化剂”。在极端不利的气象条件下,机动车排放污染对PM2.5的“贡献率”还将更高。

  追问2

  机动车年排放近年有变化吗?

随着北京长期致力于新车排放标准不断提高,不断淘汰老旧车优化车辆结构等措施,在机动车保有量增长的同时,污染物排放总量却在逐年下降。

数据显示,2013年,全市路面上跑的535万辆机动车,年排放污染物达到90万吨左右。连爱萍说,目前,北京机动车保有量已达561万辆。据测算,这些机动车一年排放的污染物为70万吨,比2013年减少20万吨。

截至目前,北京已发布近30个机动车排放地方标准,是全国制定机动车排放标准最多城市。这些地方标准严于国家标准或填补了国家标准空白。每执行一次新标准,单车污染将减少30%至50%。

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