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孩子随凡安回到东莞生活了6年,上了私立的幼儿园。但孩子到了上小学的年纪,凡安不得不直面孩子“入户”的问题。“我带他去面试了私立小学,学校也要求提供户口。”2014年4月,她终于出现在了辖区计生办。“之前都是通过打电话咨询,这一次我是鼓足勇气豁出去了。”她说。与计生办首次“正面交锋”,凡安被告知必须缴纳十多万元的社会抚养费,才能获得计生证明去为孩子办理入户,而且未必能入户成功。“第一我确实没有能力交这笔钱,第二他们也说交了钱拿来证明也不一定能入户”,凡安一时手足无措,而且计生办工作人员并不相信她联系不到孩子的父亲,这让她觉得计生办“不近人情”。
后经朋友提醒,社会抚养费缴纳不能与孩子入户捆绑,凡安尝试直接到公安部门提出办理的户口的申请。没想到,得到的是一长串的材料清单,列明她需要提供计生办出具的《计划生育证明》、孩子父母的身份证原件及复印件、孩子父母户口本原件及复印件、社会抚养费罚款单等十余种文件,公安部门才会受理她的入户申请。
因为无法联系到孩子父亲,也因为无力支付“巨额”社会抚养费,凡安仍然没有看到“入户”的希望。2014年6月,她请律师向当地法院提起诉讼,请求法院确认公安机关在她申请为儿子上户口时要求提供《计划生育证明》、《计划生育服务证》、《罚款单》和《结婚证》等属行政行为违法,并请求公安机关依法为孩子上户口。法院未正式受理立案,但此举引来了媒体关注。
凡安告诉记者,此后在法官的协调下,她和律师同意撤诉,公安机关承诺为她的孩子上户口。2014年底,孩子终于告别了“黑户”身份。社会抚养费方面,计生部门经过调查知道凡安确实独力抚养孩子,而且确认是第一胎,同意把“罚款金额”降低到五万多元。但这笔钱,凡安至今仍未缴纳。她一直不明白,自己只生育了一个孩子,为什么需要交“超生”的“罚款”。
新政
未婚生育第一胎不再征社会抚养费
凡安的疑惑其实有理有据。2015年12月27日,十二届全国人大常委会第十八次会议通过关于修改人口与计划生育法的决定,修改后的人口与计划生育法于2016年1月1日起正式施行。至此,延续了36年的独生子女政策正式宣告终结。实际上,《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》修改前后,都有规定“公民有生育的权利,也有依法实行计划生育的义务”。另外,《婚姻法》第25条也规定:“非婚生子女享有与婚生子女同等的权利,任何人不得加以危害和歧视。”上述法律,一方面没有否定未婚人士的生育权,另一方面保护着非婚生子女的平等权。
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