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汽车飞机火箭都中招 这家造假百年老店把日本坑惨

2017-10-12 00:30:22   每经网

“(神户制钢的造假丑闻)对金融市场的影响尚不清楚,但程度要取决于客户对日本汽车的替换要求和车企召回车辆的规模,” 华尔街著名投资银行Jefferies分析师Thanh Ha Pham则在一份报告中表示: “处理这种情况是避免企业长期声誉受损的关键。” Thanh Ha Pham还表示,神户制钢深陷丑闻,或会给日本最大的铝制品制造商UACJ(TYO: 5741)带来重大利好,UACJ在本周二开盘便暴涨5%(日本股市本周一休市)。

而神户制钢股价则迎来暴跌,上周五收盘时,神户制钢的市值为4980亿日元(约44亿美元),本周二,公司市值跌至3890亿日元,周三收盘更是跌到3200亿日元(约28.5亿美元)。也就是说,自数据造假丑闻爆发以来,神户制钢的市值已累计蒸发约15.5亿美元。

▲神户制钢股价暴跌

在截至2017年3月的财年中,神户制钢铝和铜的销售同比下降6.4%至3233亿日元(约28.7亿美元),经常性利润则骤降20.5%至120亿日元。此外,随着汽车制造商更倾向于采用比钢铁更轻的材料以满足更严格的环保方面审查,神户制钢所一直在扩大铝的生产。

据新华社报道,日本汽车行业智库现代文化研究所主任研究员吴保宁指出,神户钢铁今后恐怕不乐观,“先是股票下滑,后是赔偿问题,最坏的结果可能是破产。”

丑闻频出,日本制造不行了?

实际上,神户制钢去年就曾爆出过篡改数据丑闻,而日本企业也在近年来频频成为丑闻的主角,不断出现违规、造假、瞒报、谎报等丑闻,让消费者对曾经被作为高质量代名词的日本制造产生质疑。

就在上周,日产汽车表示,在负责整车检查的过程中使用了无资质员工,日产企业也因此宣布召回120万辆汽车,但目前尚不清楚这些车辆的质量是否受到了影响。此外,三菱汽车和铃木汽车均承认在去年的测试中通过作弊的方式,夸大了汽车的燃油经济性。

2009年9月,丰田汽车因“召回门”而深陷危机,其先后宣布在全球范围内召回的多款车辆,合计850万辆。

每日经济新闻记者注意到,除了上述几家日本传统车企外,对日本“工匠精神”打击最大的,或许来自高田公司。全球最大的安全气囊制造商高田公司因为气囊安全隐患,使大众、通用等汽车公司被迫召回数千万辆汽车,今年6月,高田公司也因多年来气囊质量带来的持续不良影响申请破产保护。

▲6月26日,日本高田公司董事长高田重久在东京举行的新闻会上道歉。(图片来源:新华社/法新)

除了汽车业层出不穷的丑闻外,在电视机、手机和电脑等科技领域日本企业也丢掉了领先地位。

2015年东芝爆出财务造假,审计机构得出的结论是,东芝应该下调过去5年的营业利润1500亿日元(约12亿美元)。而日本共同社的一篇报道认为,东芝公司虚报的集团营业利润总额很可能超过1700亿日元,是该公司此前公布的3倍(548亿日元)。

曾经叱咤工业界的技术巨匠索尼也从2008年开始业绩持续亏损,虽然在2015年公司曾扭转亏损局面,但是由于熊本地震的重创,索尼再次陷入亏损。

日本企业监管机构的负责人Toshiaki Oguchi表示,日本公司对产品的质量通常都毫不怠慢,但由于竞争压力或其他因素导致作弊发生时,通常不易受到约束。Oguchi指出,无论是公司员工还是独立的外部人士,日本企业往往不鼓励彻底的检查或批评。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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