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特朗普又想拿债务“搞事情”:希望废除债务上限
2017-09-09 08:07:08 法律与生活杂志
此前,坊间就曾称特朗普上台后将面临的最大问题之一就是债务问题。特朗普上台前,美国财政的长期赤字已经延续了十六年,债务上限已经提升至18万亿,且债务攀升的势头仍然不减。
债务问题是美国的一个顽疾,由长期的财政赤字造成。此前,自1939年开始,美国债务上限已上调了105次,几乎平均每9个月就要上调一次。最近20年,上调频率就更快了,2000年以来,债务上限已上调17次。奥巴马2009年1月就任总统以来,国会已10次提高债务上限,提高总额约7.6万亿美元。
据介绍,如果不能提高债务上限,将带来灾难性的经济后果。首先,将会导致美国政府违约,迄今为止,美国还未出现因债务上限不能上调而致政府违约的情况。其次,这可能加速金融危机的到来,威胁到美国人的就业和储蓄,将刚刚从经济衰退的美国拽回到经济深渊中。
每当政府呼吁提高债务上限时,国会通常会采取行动。据美国财政部统计,自1960年以来,国会已经采取了78次行动——永久提高、暂时延长或修正债务上限的定义,其中有49次发生在共和党的总统任内,29次是在民主党的总统任内。
然而,国会参众两院通常围绕着债务上限的调整进行两党博弈,若新财年预算拨款案无法获批,债务上限问题一直得不到解决,就会演化成政府的关门危机。
1977年-1996年的19年期间,联邦政府曾关门17次,几乎平均每年关门一次,最短1天,最长21天。仅20世纪80年代以来,美国联邦政府就关门6次。1995年克林顿任期内,美国联邦政府停摆长达22天,损失超过14亿美元,导致当年美国GDP增速放缓0.5%,被视为美国历史上遭遇的最为严重的预算危机。最近一次的政府关门危机发生在2013年,在此之前已经有17年未出现过政府停摆。[资料来源:中新网、观察者网、华尔街见闻等]
责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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