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伊拉克总理阿巴迪正式宣布摩苏尔全面解放

2017-07-11 03:18:12   新华社

根据伊拉克医院提供的数据,2137名伊拉克士兵、警察和民兵在战役最开始的50天里被杀害,4500名受伤。伊拉克官方谴责医院提供的死亡人数过于夸张,但他们承认受伤人员的数量和真实情况相差无几。

初期,无论是伊拉克政府还是国际组织都没有太大能力在炮火中保护和帮助平民,因此伊拉克政府要求平民待在家中不要外出,从而避免在战斗中被伤及。但是,ISIS利用平民作为肉盾,超过1000人在战斗中被杀害,凶手主要是恐怖组织。

伊拉克政府认为ISIS会在战事失利后逃离摩苏尔,因此并没有在战役初始包围摩苏尔以切断其从泰勒阿费尔向西的补给线,这导致ISIS至今仍在保持着摩苏尔和泰勒阿费尔的联系。

不过,也有其他军官认为这并没有给战争造成什么决定性影响,而且恐怖分子分散在摩苏尔城区和郊区各个地方,想要行程完整的包围圈是很困难的。

此外,伊拉克军队也没有一开始就切断从泰勒阿费尔到叙利亚的通道,直到战役接近第六周时,这些交通要道才被完全关闭,虽然这项艰巨的任务并不容易完成,但这在后来被证明是一个错误决断。正是由于摩苏尔没有在战役开始前被包围,因此伊拉克政府军既无力阻止ISIS从外围获得补给,也无法从城市西侧发动进攻。

摩苏尔有五座大桥连接城市的东西两边,它们并没有在战役开始时被占领或被摧毁。直到第五周末,伊拉克和美军盟军才意识到ISIS根本不打算撤出这座城市,他们还在利用美伊军队预留的城内城外交通运送物资和战事补给。12月底,这些大桥才被彻底摧毁。

前摩苏尔行政长官努杰菲认为对这五座大桥的忽视是伊拉克政府军推进困难的原因,因为他们选择攻城的方向是从摩苏尔人口稠密的区域开始的,如果选择从北边进攻,就可以通过大桥进入城内,从而绕过平民聚集区。当然,也有分析认为炸毁大桥会伤害平民的性命。

第三,不合时宜的战役

从2015年4月到2016年10月,摩苏尔战役的首席指挥官是纳吉米·杰布里少将(Najim Jabouri),一位不是军校科班出身甚至从未指挥过任何部队的军官。

伊拉克参与摩苏尔战役的超过100000支部队里,只有一小部分受过城镇战的训练,战役开始的近两个月里,只有一半参加战斗,400支阵亡。但是战役开始前,杰布里说过不下四次他的士兵已经接受训练,武器装备也已完备,而且完全有能力夺回摩苏尔。

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