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摩苏尔解放在即 伊拉克能否就此稳定?

2017-07-06 09:11:01   新华社

新华社北京7月5日电(全球热点)摩苏尔解放在即 伊拉克能否就此稳定?

新华社记者

伊拉克军队打击极端组织“伊斯兰国”的摩苏尔之战4日取得重大进展,军方当天宣布,将在两天内全面解放一度为“伊斯兰国”占据的摩苏尔。

收复摩苏尔无疑将重创“伊斯兰国”,但其生存土壤未发生根本改变,而随着战斗告一段落,伊拉克内部矛盾将重新浮出水面。伊拉克能否真正稳定,将考验各方的智慧和定力。

【新闻事实】

伊拉克军事行动指挥部一位负责人说,目前,摩苏尔老城仅剩迈丹区尚未解放,纵深只有约400米,收复之后即可宣告摩苏尔全城解放。

伊拉克总理阿巴迪4日就摩苏尔之战取得的重大胜利向伊拉克部队表示祝贺。

伊拉克是“伊斯兰国”重要的人员和资金来源地,失去摩苏尔后,该组织在伊拉克不再占有重要城市,将被迫返回伊叙边境,在伊拉克中央政府管控较弱的部落领地继续生存,其影响力和规模将被大幅压缩。

【深度分析】

摩苏尔地区是以逊尼派为主的多民族聚居区,自教派冲突爆发后,与什叶派掌权的中央政府矛盾重重。

在打击“伊斯兰国”的战争里,伊拉克库尔德自治区从“伊斯兰国”手中夺回大片原由中央政府管辖的地区,其中包括石油产区基尔库克和摩苏尔部分地区。

库尔德自治区已宣布将在今年9月举行独立公投。但分析人士认为,在美国、伊朗和土耳其的压力下,库区主席巴尔扎尼很可能只是利用公投与中央政府讨价还价。

在打击“伊斯兰国”的军事行动告一段落后,围绕摩苏尔和基尔库克地区归属、库尔德问题,西方国家和地区大国之间的矛盾可能重新浮出水面。

【第一评论】

“伊斯兰国”虽遭重创,但其生存土壤未发生根本改变,其破坏力也不会骤然消失,伊拉克如果在未铲除这一组织的情况下就重回“内斗”局面,“伊斯兰国”仍有可能卷土重来。

2003年美国领导的多国联军入侵伊拉克,彻底打乱该国政治生态,点燃教派冲突。在此背景下,“伊斯兰国”在伊拉克北部萌芽,随后脱离“基地”组织,参加叙利亚内战,实力壮大后重返伊拉克攻城略地,造成生灵涂炭。

趁着“伊斯兰国”目前遭遇重大挫折,伊拉克各派应团结一致,彻底击败这一组织,不给恐怖主义喘息之机。

【背景链接】

摩苏尔位于巴格达以北约400公里处,2014年6月被“伊斯兰国”占领,是其在伊拉克境内的大本营。

伊政府军2016年10月宣布发动收复摩苏尔的战役,2017年年初收复了摩苏尔东部城区。

2月19日,政府军发起收复摩苏尔西部城区的军事行动,5月份进入决胜阶段,政府军控制摩苏尔西城超过80%的地区。

6月18日,伊军兵分三路进攻摩苏尔西部老城,摩苏尔之战进入最后阶段。21日,反恐部队推进至地标性建筑努里清真寺附近,“伊斯兰国”武装炸毁了这座清真寺及其历史悠久的宣礼塔。政府军29日收复努里清真寺。总理阿巴迪说,这标志着“伊斯兰国”的终结。

据伊拉克难民和移民部的统计数字,摩苏尔战役开始以来,已有96万平民流离失所,其中超过71万人来自摩苏尔西部城区。(参与记者:刘万利、危玮、林晶;编辑:王丰丰)

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