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延伸阅读:关于废除死刑
据海外网了解,死刑可以说是全人类最古老的刑罚。1767年,意大利人贝卡利亚第一个提出要废除死刑,他认为,由国家来夺去一个人的生命是不公正的。此后,关于死刑的存与废问题,在世界范围内已经争论了200多年。
目前,全世界已经有三分之二的国家在立法或司法层面废除死刑,有105个国家废除所有罪行的死刑,7个国家废除普通犯罪的死刑,29个国家在司法层面废除死刑,共计141个国家,仍有57国保留死刑。
世界上第一个真正对所有犯罪废除死刑的国家是南美洲的委内瑞拉,它于1863年颁布了废除死刑的法令。20世纪死刑废除运动迅速发展,并在全球造成了巨大的影响。
对于死刑存废,几十年来世界一直争论不休。欧洲人认为“死刑剥夺了人类最基本的生存权”,并不断向美日中印等坚持死刑的国家施压。而坚守死刑阵地的国家也毫不含糊:“既然废除死刑是以尊重生命权为出发点,那被害人的生命权就不需要尊重吗?这难道不违背天赋人权、人人平等的理念吗?”
在保留死刑的国家里,越来越多的国家倾向于对死刑持严格限制的态度,表现之一就是在立法上大幅度减少适用死刑的条款,将其限制在谋杀、叛逆和战时犯罪等少数几种性质极其严重的犯罪上。表现之二就是在司法上对死刑进行严格控制,有的国家一年仅判决或执行几例或一例死刑,有的国家甚至数年才执行一例死刑。
目前尚没有废除死刑的国家主要集中在中东、北非和亚洲地区。中东地区不少国家仍保留有某些残酷的死刑方式,比如沙特的斩首,伊朗的石刑(即用乱石砸死犯人的刑罚)。(综编/海外网吴潇)
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