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媒体:美减税计划是1张A4纸 营改增1年减税6800亿

2017-05-16 01:26:35   国经济周刊(北京)

促进产业结构升级,发掘经济发展动力

资本有机构成高的产业由于长期资本投资所占比重较大,增值税对购入固定资产进项税额抵扣规定的变化对其影响较大。相比于加工工业和劳动密集型企业,基础产业和资本密集型企业固定资产的比重更大,因此增值税转型改革对它们更有利,有力地促进了基础产业和资本密集型企业的发展,这也符合当时国家产业政策的方向。

其后的营改增改革对服务业发展的促进作用更为明显:一方面,服务业可以将外购商品和服务中的流转税金纳入抵扣范围,减少应纳税额、降低企业成本,促进服务业等行业的发展,推进产业结构向以第三产业为重心发展;另一方面,对现代服务业征收增值税,使这些行业能将费用纳入抵扣范围,降低服务消费成本,从而使社会增加对服务业的消费,有利于提升产品技术含量和企业竞争力,不断发掘经济发展的内在动力和潜能。

优化对外贸易结构,促进贸易出口

增值税转型改革前,我国实行的生产型增值税,不仅存在重复征税的问题,而且由于难以准确计算出口商品增值税税负导致难以彻底地实施出口退税,使国内产品在国内市场和国际市场均处于不利的竞争地位。2009年的增值税转型改革既解决了重复征税问题,又解决了出口退税问题,增强了我国出口产品的国际竞争能力,对促进对外贸易的发展有着重要的意义。

增值税扩围后,更是将广大服务业纳入增值税征收范围,并相应调整和扩大劳务退税范围,建立健全的服务贸易出口退税机制,使劳务也能以不含税价格参与国际市场竞争,对促进服务贸易的出口产生了积极影响,有利于进一步优化我国对外贸易结构,扩大服务贸易在对外贸易中所占比例,推动对外贸易发展。

后营改增时期减税还有哪些招

面对国际贸易竞争加剧和国内劳动力成本过快上涨的经济形势,李克强总理在2017年政府工作报告中指出:今年赤字率保持不变,主要是为了进一步减税降费,全年再减少企业税负3500亿元左右、涉企收费约2000亿元,一定要让市场主体有切身感受。这反映出政府为实体经济降成本的决心。

增值税作为我国第一大税种,增值税的减收不仅能够激发企业活力,也符合我国增加直接税比重、降低间接税比重的税制改革方向。进一步推进增值税减税,可以从以下几个方面入手:

继续推进增值税税率简并改革

不论是增值税基本原理,还是发达国家相关实践经验,都能说明一个问题:过多档次的税率设计不利于增值税中性特征的发挥,也给税收征管带来较多难题。因此,简并增值税税率是后营改增时期建设现代型增值税不得不面对的首要问题。我国已经开始推行增值税税率改革,即从2017年7月开始,将增值税税率由17%、13%、11%、6%四档调整为17%、11%和6%三档,取消了13%这一税率档次。

从增值税税率的国际比较来看,2014年,经合组织34个成员国中,除美国没有开征增值税外,21个成员国的增值税标准税率设置在20%以上,与这些国家相比,我国增值税标准税率处于中等水平,因而通过降低增值税最高税率来降低增值税税负的空间并不太大。而就税率档次来看,尽管已经进行一定的简化,但仍然存在着三档基本税率,还存在进一步简并的空间。

可考虑建立增值税退税制度

受财政收入及管理等客观因素制约,我国除了在出口环节外一直没有建立广泛的增值税退税制度,而是实施增值税留抵制度,这使得企业增值税不能完全转嫁至下一个环节。

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