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困境缠绕下的欧盟前景:一体化道路很难大踏步前进

2016-10-08 09:55:42   人民日报海外版

金融投资家乔治·索罗斯在法国《回声报》撰文称,本应团结一致处理难民问题的欧盟成员国越来越对合作感到迟疑。这些国家在这一问题上延续自私而不协调的政策,通常会损及邻国,由此造成互信的缺失。

欧盟一体化至今,各国间似乎仍然貌合神离,只想同甘,难以共苦,在危机和反欧情绪面前迅速瓦解。

日本《选择》月刊报道称,法国和意大利经济低增长率、通缩、就业形势不乐观等问题一并出现。金融危机在欧洲蔓延的风险并没有消失,欧洲其它国家并不愿意承接这样的“无妄之灾”。

最为明显的就是欧元问题,各国之间差异较大,财政政策与货币政策难以协调。债务危机由此而生。

王义栀表示:欧洲国家间存在很大的发展差距,竞争力、生产力不足以保证它们的福利体系,不足以让它们享受如今的地位和话语权,而且还存在人口危机、福利制度的包袱等问题,然而欧洲一体化很难解决这些问题。

“法国与荷兰在2005年就已否决了欧洲宪法条约”,中国现代国际关系研究院副院长冯仲平表示,欧洲一体化从当时起就已难再进一步。

路在何方众说纷纭

据英国广播公司上月报道,默克尔认为欧盟现在情况“垂危”。默克尔说,欧盟国家在如何促进增长和应付移民潮的问题上分歧严重。

然而有相反观点指出,“脱欧”趋势反而有利于欧盟凝聚力的加强。美国《耶鲁全球化》在线杂志分析认为英国脱欧后的窘境已然证明“各扫门前雪”是错误的。欧盟正在证明其在处理许多欧洲的挑战方面是不可或缺的。

对于欧洲和欧盟的未来,王义栀表示,欧洲一直在二元悖论中发展,在分裂与统一、精英与大众、危机与机遇中不断前行。欧盟的未来问题繁多,甚至可能积重难返。但是也不能完全丧失信心,要辩证地看待欧盟的未来。

冯仲平指出,欧盟已经很难像过去一样在一体化的道路上大踏步地前进了。

那么欧盟的未来,究竟路在何方?

冯仲平认为,欧盟各国应该把一体化的现有成果保持住,专心解决国内民生问题,在难民问题和反恐问题上加强合作,而且这种合作应当是政府间的合作而不是进一步一体化。

法国《费加罗报》网站日前发表观点称欧洲国家应当考虑一种新的发展模式,不能系统地靠拢美国,需要根据欧洲自身的价值观、战略、商业上的共同利益组织一场欧洲独立运动。

诺贝尔奖得主约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨在英国《金融时报》发文表示:为了拯救欧洲的一体化,欧洲应当放弃欧元或转向一种灵活的欧元体系(南方欧元与北方欧元),来处理长期以来的债务问题。

王义栀说:“提振经济、提升竞争力才是根本之策。只有竞争力得到提升,才能做到‘为有源头活水来’。竞争力的提升与否决定着欧洲的未来。”

(人民日报海外版)

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