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外媒:缅甸毒品生意重新火爆 主要被民间武装控制

2016-08-01 07:49:10   参考消息

参考消息网8月1日报道 外媒称,作为鸦片供应者,阿富汗早已超越泰、缅、老“金三角”。但是,在缅甸,毒品生意重新火爆。

据德国之声电台网站7月24日报道,在缅甸克钦邦,成千上万人蜂拥而至鸦片种植地,他们戴着黄色头盔和围脖,手持匕首和镰刀,戮力毁掉罂粟。他们属于基督教组织帕亚桑成员或支持者。

今年2月,毁罂粟行动几乎导致暴力:农民起而反抗,堵住公路,对峙数日。农民们虽担心自己的微薄收入,但毒品生意的真正获益者是别人。

伦敦大学亚非学院教授梅汉指出,自2006年以来,缅甸的罂粟种植面积扩了一倍以上。联合国估计,全球四分之一的罂粟种植地在缅甸。联合国发表的2015毒品报告指出,这个国家已成为全球仅次于阿富汗的第二大海洛因产地。其他的毒品交易也在该国火爆:警方新近刚在克钦邦查获2100万冰毒片。

报道称,在军政权统治期间,缅甸有众多叛乱组织通过鸦片种植筹资。少数民族聚居的掸邦最大叛军之一的和平动议主席塞克表示,以前,鸦片是“叛军的货币”。2011年军政权结束后,许多反政府组织放下了武器。他指出,现在是民间武装控制着毒品交易。

缅甸人所说的民间武装指的是地区较小的战斗团体。这些民兵组织始终协助军方制约分离组织。梅汉指出,它们从未得到过正规军饷,但军方以“生意机会”作诱饵。具体而言是这样的:民兵组织被允许向鸦片种植农收税、经营海洛因制作坊。作为交换,军方在毁灭毒品计划的落实上按兵不动。

美国《纽约时报》网站曾报道,缅甸毒品贸易卷土重来。由于政府忙于应付新的民主制度带来的挑战,鸦片贸易带来的收入,让负责打击这项非法贸易的官员富了起来。

“政府睁一只眼闭一只眼,”约翰·M·惠伦说。退休之前,他一直担任美国禁毒署驻缅甸办公室主任。他说就连与这种贸易没有直接关系的当地政府官员和军官“都收到了贿赂,让他们别多管闲事”。

报道称,在缅甸政府摆出和平姿态的同时,缅甸军方正在与多个少数民族军队作战。他说,缅甸军方对打击毒品贸易十分谨慎,担心这样做可能会破坏它与其他民兵组织的脆弱联盟。

“多种多样的民兵组织被允许存在下去,因为政府需要它们,”惠伦说。他目前是总部位于新加坡的咨询机构Search的一名董事。

【延伸阅读】新媒:金三角毒品泛滥中老缅泰四国拟联手打击

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