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辐射物约合168枚原子弹 福岛核污染物漂抵北美

2016-05-25 08:25:04   中国新闻网

中新网5月25日电综合报道,在福岛核事故发生后不久,日本原子能研究开发机构研究员中野政尚的研究显示,放射性铯顺着洋流在五年后到达北美洲,10年后有些会回到亚洲东部,30年后几乎扩散到整个太平洋。多名专家持同样观点。

据报道,日本和美国专家称,日本福岛核事故发生至今已有五年,其泄漏的放射性污染物已经随着洋流横跨太平洋,对北美洲西海岸造成影响。

福岛核电站

日本海洋大学副校长、日本海洋学会副会长神田穰太说,铯-137(cesium 137)是福岛核事故泄漏的最主要放射性物质,泄漏到海洋的量在1万太贝克勒尔(tera becquerel)到2万太贝克勒尔之间,也有研究者认为高达5万太贝克勒尔。

贝克勒尔是放射性物质的计量单位。根据日本卫生部在福岛核事故后的新规定,可安全食用的蔬菜、谷物、肉类等食物,每公斤不能含有超过500贝克勒尔放射性物质。1太贝克勒尔即1万亿贝克勒尔,或10的12次方。

日本政府曾在2011年发布报告称,福岛三座核电站所释放的放射性铯达到1万5000太贝克勒尔。二战时美国在日本广岛投掷的原子弹释放的铯为89太贝克勒尔,1万5000太贝克勒尔相当于168枚广岛原子弹。不过,日本政府有观点认为,不能简单拿原子弹和福岛核电站所释放的辐射物质来比较。

神田穰太的海洋放射性物质模拟动态图显示,现在太平洋东侧海域的放射性铯水平高于西侧,这说明放射性铯已随着洋流到达美国西海岸。

多名专家持同样观点。在福岛核事故发生后不久,日本原子能研究开发机构研究员中野政尚的研究显示,放射性铯顺着洋流在五年后到达北美洲,10年后有些会回到亚洲东部,30年后几乎扩散到整个太平洋。

日本福岛大学环境放射能研究所教授青山道夫也在2015年说,预计一年内将有约800太贝克勒尔的放射性铯到达北美洲西海岸。

北美科学界已经有了实地调查证据。美国《国家科学院学报》去年刊登的加拿大贝德福德海洋学研究所报告称,在太平洋北美洲沿海检测出来自福岛核事故的放射性物质。

美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所专家比塞勒指出,尽管1986年切尔诺贝利核事故的核泄漏是福岛核事故的10倍,但后者对海洋的影响更大,因为泄漏的放射性物质80%进入了海洋。

比塞勒说:“福岛核事故对海洋的影响是空前的。”据悉,这种放射性污染可能对海洋鱼类和生态系统造成影响,日本在这方面已有较多的调查结果。

美国不支持核泄漏海洋研究

青山道夫发现,福岛附近海域的鲪鱼体内放射性铯浓度依然很高。日本国立环境研究所等机构发现,在福岛第一核电站附近30公里海域内,一种名为疣荔枝螺的小型海螺已完全不见踪影。

然而,美国官方对来自日本的核污染已抵达家门口的态度却有点奇怪。比塞勒说:“美国联邦机构不支持对日本或美国沿海的(核泄漏)海洋研究,我对此感到失望。这些本应该是在未来几十年内持续进行的工作。”

福岛核事故发生几个月后,比塞勒即组织了八家研究所的17名研究员,乘科研船搜集福岛核电站周边海域的海水样本。

比塞勒认为,应该有国际调查委员会或国际科学家对福岛核泄漏事件的影响展开长期研究,还应该建立常规项目以监测海洋中的放射性污染物,帮助公众了解污染源的种类,以及对公共健康的影响。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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