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美国新规:当公务员需先审查社交媒体"朋友圈"

2016-05-19 06:43:32   法制晚报

2015年12月,要求美国国家情报总监允许军队和情报机构加强安全审查,特别是关于社交媒体内容的草案获得通过。

而据《华盛顿邮报》报道,这一新政策的发布正值“约2200名公民的个人信息被盗”这一事件发生的一周年之际。报道指出,来自美国人员管理办公室的数据被盗,导致约2200万名用户的个人信息被泄露。这其中涉及现有以及过往联邦雇员的人事记录,以及对于联邦雇员的背景调查等文件资料。这一泄露事件引发了背景调查程序的内部审查。

尽管民主、共和两党的立法者都同意这项法案,还是有人权活动者宣称,将密切关注政府对于个人隐私信息的采集是否侵犯言论自由。美国国家情报总监表示,该法案将于近期实施,但尚无明确具体日期。

什么内容会被调查者“留存备查”?

报道指出,受审查对象的社交媒体信息很少会被标记出来,但伊万尼娜表示,例如在社交媒体上威胁总统这类的信息,还是应该被调查人员留存备查。

2015年5月,美国新闻网站TheDailyDot曾刊出评论文章,“如果你在推特上威胁奥巴马,会有啥后果?”文章列举,2013年一名北卡男子因“Ima今晚暗杀奥巴马”的推文,被判入狱六个月;2012年另一名男子因两次发布涉及奥巴马和氰化物的推文,被判入狱一年。如果一个人说过类似的话,又向美国政府投了简历,很可能招来牢狱之灾。

此外,《华盛顿邮报》还指出,对于内容的审查方法可能会包括几种选择,分别为:通过标准的在线搜索来检查现有的信息;进一步要求雇员披露他们所有的网上身份信息;进一步要求他们披露社交媒体朋友圈的信息,特别是那些隐藏名字的朋友的信息;进一步要求他们提供访问他们社交媒体个人网站的密码。

传统的用于安全调查的评估标准能够很容易适用于社交媒体以及公开的信息。例如一张在克里姆林宫前的自拍等同于文字或是口头上的表述“到处一游”。此外,个人有权对存在危险信息的内容作出解释。

审查“朋友圈”美国将支付多少额外账单?

《联邦计算机周刊》指出,美国人事管理办公室目前正在规划一项试点项目,试图弄清楚在寻求安全调查时,哪种个人社交媒体信息可以获得,以及哪类公司和工具可以被用于搜索和分析这些信息。

共和党人斯蒂芬·林奇表示,一个人社交媒体的审查所增加安全调查的成本为100到500美元。这一成本并非微不住道。根据执行总监科尔伯特在出席这项政策听证会时的证词,政府每年要开展100万次调查,其中包括60万个全国性的安全调查,40万个对于联邦聘用人员是否合适的调查。因此,社交媒体调查将会增加资格审核和调查联邦雇员的成本达到1亿美元到5亿美元。

责任编辑:赵逸 CN039
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