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"菲律宾版特朗普"领跑大选 曾称要亲自到南海插国旗

2016-05-10 07:36:32   

图为杜特蒂与支持者合影



“抗议的投票”

杜特蒂的雷人表现让他受到很多攻击,批评者警告,杜特蒂当选总统将使菲律宾在推翻独裁者马科斯30年后陷入另一场独裁和骚乱。即将卸任的总统阿基诺三世近日也亲自上场,炮轰杜特蒂犹如希特勒,会将国家带入恐怖时代。然而都未能阻止杜特蒂的势头。

“菲律宾人为何投票给一位新‘独裁者’?”《纽约时报》分析称,虽然有5名候选人竞选总统,6人竞选副总统,但人们缺乏真正的选择。因为大部分候选人和政客都来自少数统治菲律宾多年的政治王朝。许多菲律宾人对此早已厌倦,这正是他们转向承诺铁拳治国候选人的原因。一些经济学家估计,40个最富有的家族控制着菲律宾76%的国内生产总值。178个政治家族控制着这个国家的政治,80个省中有73省是家族统治。智库“人民授权治理中心”调查显示,菲国会议席的80%为王朝政客所控制。杜特蒂的选举标志是一个拳头——为违法者准备的拳头,但似乎也为寡头准备,有人认为“他是可以进行激进变革的唯一人选”。

《华尔街日报》称,如果换作其他民主体制,菲律宾的不少候选人甚至无法通过候选资格初审。但在这里,地方军阀、被判刑的罪犯和演艺名人都有胜选历史。菲律宾反腐败法庭数据显示,2013年中期选举中,有17名当选者是被判过刑的罪犯,256人则面临腐败指控。这次情况也差不多。该报以“菲律宾的民粹主义革命”为题称,菲律宾一度是“亚洲病夫”,经济落后,阿基诺三世2010年执政以来菲经济发展势头不错,保持每年6%以上的增速。但腐败问题仍然泛滥,1亿菲律宾人中有四成每天生活成本不到2美元。香港《明报》称,中下阶层并未感受到太大变化,官方数据显示,贫穷率10年来未变,可见经济增长未能惠及全民。

“抗议的投票?”CNN9日援引菲律宾政治分析师卡斯普的话说,杜特蒂在选举中领先是因为人们把投他一票看做是对当前局面表达抗议,“他是人民的符号。过去6年许多普通人没得到什么好处,他利用了自己作为民间英雄的形象。”卡斯普表示,选民被杜特蒂抨击国家精英迷住了,有人说他粗鲁没教养反倒没人在乎。不过卡斯普提醒说,飞蛾喜欢扑火,真扑到火边上,难免被烤死。

美日心里没底

作为美国在东南亚最重要的盟友,也是美国“重返亚太”政策中重要的一枚棋子,菲律宾的大选自然吸引了美国的目光,杜特蒂的领先恐怕让华盛顿不安。《华尔街日报》称,杜特蒂在对美关系问题上不温不火,他在解释为什么拒绝美国使馆提出的会晤请求时就用了“不温不火”这个词。美国和澳大利亚大使曾就“强奸事件”批评杜特蒂,他用“闭嘴”回应两国大使,并威胁与两国断交。

马来西亚《东方日报》称,美菲关系比美国与任何其他东南亚国家的关系都更重要。在南海问题上,美国需要与中国有主权争议的菲律宾来抗衡中国。一直以来,菲律宾都是美国在东南亚最坚定的盟友,菲律宾甚至开放多个军事基地让美军使用。然而,过去10年,杜特蒂一直拒绝在达沃市举行美菲军事演习,最近还抵制在该市建造美国无人机起降场。杜特蒂的外交立场显然与阿基诺三世迥异,令美国担忧。

日本时事通讯社9日称,“暴言市长”杜特蒂人气上升,令日本方面担忧一直以来同阿基诺政权在南海问题上的合作会中止,日本目前已经为同菲律宾合作筹措了支援菲律宾基础设施建设的资金,还提供巡逻艇等很多工具便于菲律宾监视中国在南海的行动。

对于南海问题,杜特蒂的表态前后矛盾。他曾宣称自己要开滑翔机飞到争议岛屿插上菲律宾国旗,但同时又说如果中国对菲律宾投资并寻求海洋资源共同开发,那他就会在南海议题上“闭嘴”。对于阿基诺力推的南海仲裁案,杜特蒂并没有那么上心。他在上月的声明稿中说,与中国开战只是“自寻死路”,最好的策略是等待国际仲裁庭的裁决,再以此为基础,与北京进行“双边对话”,共同开发南海资源。

“可以说,任何候选人当选,都会对目前中菲关系带来改变。”中国社科院亚太问题专家许利平9日对《环球时报》记者说,阿基诺三世执政期间,中菲关系已经跌入谷底。随着新总统上台,中菲关系有望触底反弹。不少候选人对华政策都相对软化,菲律宾老百姓需要的不是美军的驻扎,或者空洞的南海仲裁案,他们需要实际利益、工作机会,这些实实在在的东西美国给不了。美国智库战略与国际问题研究中心“亚洲海事透明倡议”主任波林则认为,美菲军事协议变卦的可能性极低,他不认为菲新总统会在南海政策上大转弯。

【环球时报驻菲律宾、日本、德国特约记者黄栋星李珍青木环球时报记者苏静】

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