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菲律宾总统候选人:愿同中国一同开发南海

2016-05-09 07:41:52   京华时报

原标题:南海仲裁案菲美日在下什么棋

菲律宾请求建立的南海仲裁案仲裁庭将于近期作出裁决。5月7日至8日,在吉林大学举行的中国国际法学会2016年学术年会上,专家学者认为,仲裁案是披着法律外衣的政治闹剧,不具备任何法律效力,中国政府不接受、不参与的立场是正确的。

仲裁案一开始就是非法的

2013年1月以来,菲律宾执意单方面提起并推进南海仲裁案。多位与会专家表示,菲律宾的单方面行动从一开始就是不合法的,应菲律宾请求成立的仲裁庭是一座应当拆除的“违法建筑”。

武汉大学国际法研究所执行理事长曾令良教授说,南海仲裁案无论经过如何精心包装,其实质都是领土主权和海洋划界问题。领土主权争议不是《联合国海洋法公约》的规范事项;而关于海洋划界,中国政府早在2006年就根据《公约》规定作出了排除性声明。仲裁庭对这些问题不具备管辖权。

曾令良说,将南海争议提交仲裁也违背《南海各方行为宣言》和中菲之间共识。2002年11月,中国同包括菲律宾在内的东盟国家签署《宣言》,第四条明确规定“由直接有关的主权国家通过友好磋商和谈判,以和平方式解决它们的领土和管辖权争端”。上世纪90年代以来,两国也多次在联合声明、联合公报等双边文件中确认通过谈判和协商解决有关争端。这实际上都排除了通过仲裁途径解决。

中国政法大学国际法学院教授马呈元说,仲裁庭存在随意扩权行为,把本不属于自己管辖范围的事情纳入管辖,是对《公约》强制争端解决程序的滥用,中国当然不接受、不参与。

实质是想非法侵占中国岛礁

专家认为,菲律宾提起南海仲裁案,实际上是把政治问题包装成法律纠纷,以欺骗国际社会,达到不可告人的目的。

中国国际法学会常务副会长、外交部条法司司长徐宏说,南海仲裁案绝不是单纯的法律纠纷,而是一场披着法律外衣的政治闹剧。其实质就是企图把非法侵占的中国岛礁据为己有,削弱中国的领土主权和海洋权益。

中国国际法学会副会长、中国海洋学会副理事长张海文说,近年来“南海问题”之所以成为“热点”,与大国关系及地缘政治不无关联。南海仲裁案不能简单化地仅仅放在国际法框架下分析,更要放在大的国际政治背景下去考察。

有学者指出,个别域外大国不断为菲律宾提起仲裁“站台”,声称应当按照《联合国海洋法公约》来解决南海争议,但其自身不仅不是《公约》缔约国,而且历史上屡屡对国际法合则用、不合则弃,充分暴露了其虚伪性。

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