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谷歌首席未来学家:2030年后人类将逐渐永生

2016-04-27 17:46:20   澎湃新闻

Q:这一切将如何帮助我们活得更久?

库兹韦尔:我们先从遗传学,也就是现在说的生物科学技术上来改变临床实践在未来一至两年内,甚至可以彻底改变医学。我们正在开始重新改造过时的“生命软件”,即人体内被称为基因的23000个“小程序”。通过重新编程,我们将帮助人类远离疾病和衰老。

例如,在康涅狄格州乔斯林糖尿病中心,正使用生物技术关闭动物体内的脂肪胰岛素受体基因,这让动物吃更多食物而不会患上糖尿病或体重增加。当生物技术应用在人体上后,我们可以抛弃上千年不再使用的陈旧基因,大幅延长寿命,而这只是23000个基因中的一个例子。

我们参与到一个因为基因缺失而患上肺动脉高血压的人的治疗中,已经开始人体实验了。我们还可以通过生物技术来减去多余的基因,修改干细胞,如果一个人心脏病发作,可以通过重组干细胞的方式来恢复损坏的心脏。

问题的关键是如何保证在信息技术以及生物科技加速进步的同时,相关法律也在共同进步。我们很快就可以看到恢复身份所有组织以及器官的技术,同时还有专门针对细胞代谢的药物。不久的将来纳米技术将超越生物学。

Q:纳米机器人将会在我们的血液里对抗疾病吗?

库兹韦尔:是的,2020年,我们将开始使用纳米机器人来完成现在免疫系统在充当的角色。在以前,我们的免疫系统非常的强大,但是随着经过几千年的发展,人体免疫功能经常出现障碍,所以人类才会得癌症等各种疾病。人的免疫系统对癌症几乎不起作用,免疫系统认为癌细胞是人体内正常存在的细胞,所以不把癌细胞视为敌人。同时,免疫系统对逆转录病毒的作用也不能发挥很好的作用。

我们可以使用纳米机器人来执行人体中名为“T细胞”的免疫细胞功能。这些纳米机器人虽然只有血液细胞那么大,但是它们很智能。我在显微镜下观察过T细胞攻击细菌,我们可以设计一个程序来处理所有的病原体。当一个新的生物病毒出现的时候,可以从网上下载新的软件。

到2030年,血液中的纳米机器人将可以摧毁病原体,清除杂物、血栓以及肿瘤,纠正DNA错误,甚至逆转衰老过程,到时候人类将得以永生。现在已经有研究表明可以用基金疗法治疗1型糖尿病。

Q:那如果我们再坚持15年,是不是就可以获得永生?

库兹韦尔:我相信到了2029年,医疗技术将使人均寿命每过一年就能延长一岁。那时寿命将不再根据你的出生日期计算,我们延长的寿命甚至将会超过已经度过的时间。

Q:那很多事情都会重复去做,会不会使我们感到厌倦?

库兹韦尔:无聊肯定是长生不老的挑战之一。如果我们在几百年的时间中重复做一件事,生活将变得异常单调。但是,当我们延长我们寿命后,我们也会变得更聪明,因为我们可以用技术把我们的大脑与云连接,使我们的抽象思维更加丰富具有多层次。

正如,我们从灵长类动物进化到人类,创造了艺术、音乐和科学,我们需要更加深刻的交流形式和活动内容。我们将会获得新的大脑皮层,以及可以感受梦幻般的虚拟现实环境,通过虚拟现实,我们可以感受地球上的任何环境,我们的想象力也会变得更加丰富。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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