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中泰铁路再生变 泰方:友谊项目望中方别赚利润

2016-04-23 09:38:08   环球网

由于泰方最新的提议是建设时速250公里的高速铁路,而非此前设定的中速铁路,再加上泰方决定独立融资,因此中泰双方还需要就更新的细节展开讨论。

但醍乐·倪勇强调说:“我们还会使用中国的技术。”中方将负责工程、采购、建设管理,提供列车、信号系统和轨道,泰国承包商将可以参与建设。

缩减后的路线将连接曼谷和呵叻两地。呵叻距离首都曼谷东北200多公里外,是泰国东北部的交通枢纽。目前,从曼谷到呵叻开车所需的时间大约为3小时。高速铁路建成后,时间将缩短至1小时。

阿空表示,最初规划的路线造价将超过5000亿泰铢,这个投资负担对泰国而言过于沉重。从曼谷至呵叻路段,泰方预估的造价为1700亿泰铢。阿空指出,这一阶段的建设将不会成为负担,因为私营部门参与开发沿线地区带来的收益可以支付建设成本。

但对于泰国政府提议的新路线,泰国国内出现了质疑的声音。

泰国前总理、民主党领导人阿披实致信巴育,要求巴育政府对中泰铁路的修改方案进行重估,他认为新方案不具有经济可行性。

泰国交通部此前预估这条铁路建成初期的年客运量可达到750万人次,长期将可达到2000万人次。阿披实认为,经过修改后的路线将只能到达呵叻,无法与中国的铁路相连,原先的假设也将不成立,这条铁路的经济价值将严重缩水。

阿披实对泰国作为这个项目唯一投资者所面临的金融风险也表示担忧。

暹罗商业银行经济情报中心在一份报告中说,独立投资使得泰国可以为建设合同设定条款和条件,从而给泰国相关行业带来积极影响。但对这一铁路项目的投资也可能影响国家的财政状况。“加上其他政府大型项目,这可能使未来三年内泰国公共债务超过国内生产总值的50%,达到令人担忧的状况。”目前,泰国的公共债务约占其国内生产总值的44.13%。

对于外界的质疑,泰国交通部长阿空回应说,这是泰国更大计划中的一部分。“我们从我们已有的开始。我们不会从获得最大量中国游客这个高期待开始,因为我们对此并不确定。”他说。

“在泰国修建大型工程项目需要克服很多障碍,这正是泰国经济在东盟国家中领先,但基础设施建设却非常落后的原因。”许利平说。他进一步解释,在土地私有化的泰国,推动工程项目成本高,需要长期的过程。加上利益集团复杂,得不到很好的协调。

使中泰铁路项目前景更加复杂的还有泰国的政局。许利平分析说,泰国将在明年举行大选,民选政府是否会继续推进这一项目仍是未知。在泰国历史上,因政权变更导致项目搁置的情况时有发生。

然而从长期来看,这又是一个不得不推行的项目。泰国的地理位置使得曼谷成为泛亚铁路东南亚段的关键一站,中线、东线和西线在此交会后继续延伸至吉隆坡直达终点新加坡。

但分析人士认为需要淡化其战略意义。许利平说,在铁路“走出去”的过程中,不能过分战略化,过分战略化会成为对方向中国要高价的筹码。

(本文首刊于2016年4月18日出版的《财经》杂志)

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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