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美国最高法院裁定暂停执行奥巴马清洁电力计划

2016-02-15 10:44:45   新华网

原标题:美最高法院裁定暂停执行清洁电力计划

法制日报驻美国记者陈小方

近日,美国联邦最高法院作出裁定,暂停执行奥巴马政府的清洁电力计划。

此间舆论认为,美国最高法院此次对清洁电力计划的裁决是超乎寻常的,反映出最高法院9名大法官在气候变化政策上存在着明显的分歧。

最高法院的裁定,不仅将使这一政策能否在奥巴马任内开始实施成为一个问题,而且也将使奥巴马政府在国际上做出的减排承诺能否兑现受到质疑。

超常规介入凸显分歧

美国的发电厂是美国温室效应气体排放的最主要来源。因此,清洁电力计划被认为是奥巴马政府应对气候变化的核心政策。

据报道,奥巴马政府在去年8月提出了清洁电力计划。该计划为美国的各个州制定了减排标准,并要求各州制定相应的实施计划,如果计划顺利实施将使美国发电厂的碳排放减少32%。但是,美国29个州和一些企业随后联合提出诉讼,以图阻止这一计划的执行。他们指称,该计划侵犯了各州的权利。今年1月,美国首都华盛顿地区的一家上诉法院拒绝就这一诉讼作出裁决。

舆论认为,在这起诉讼被诉到美国最高法院之前,最高法院就主动介入是极不寻常的,特别是美国首都地区的上诉法院已计划在今年6月举行法庭辩论。而且,按照清洁电力计划,无论是企业界还是地方州政府,至少在两年内并不需要执行该计划。在这种情况下,美国最高法院的介入表明,至少有5名最高法院的大法官对该计划有不同意见,且有着明显的党派因素,4名民主党总统任命的大法官都一致反对这一裁决。

华府失望共和党欢迎

对于最高法院的裁定,奥巴马政府表示不满。白宫发言人欧内斯特表示,清洁电力计划有着坚实的法律和技术基础,并给予了州政府时间和灵活性,以制定适宜的、成本合算的计划,以减少碳排放。

奥巴马2月11日也表示,美国最高法院的裁定是不正常的。他说,他相信清洁电力计划是合法的。他同时还给支持者打气说,不要因为最高法院叫停了清洁电力计划就感到失望。他说,所谓最高法院已经打垮了清洁电力计划,“不是这样的,因此,不要失望。这个法院裁定只是说,在我们审查其合法性之前,暂停执行。我们坚信其是合法的”。

一直反对减排的共和党,则对最高法院的裁定表示欢迎。早在去年12月巴黎气候会议期间,美国国会众议院就在奥巴马讲话的当天举行投票,以阻止清洁电力计划的实施。议长瑞安表示,清洁电力计划的规定是“非法的”,应该“永久废止”。参加2016年大选的共和党总统候选人,也不时对奥巴马政府的气候变化政策提出批评。

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