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西班牙480万欧元甩卖航母 菲律宾曾对其大感兴趣

2015-12-24 16:22:21   环球网

西班牙海军以“阿斯图里亚斯亲王”号为核心组建了“阿尔法”航母编队,由6艘“圣·玛丽亚”级导弹护卫舰(西班牙版“佩里”级)护航,并编有相应的辅助舰船。

上个世纪90年代,“阿尔法”航母编队能够实施三层防空作战和两层反潜/反舰作战,远洋综合作战能力仅次于美法而位居世界前列,超过了当时的中国海军。

姊妹舰18年前失去战力

“阿斯图里亚斯亲王”号还有一艘缩水版的姊妹舰——泰国皇家海军的“差克里·纳吕贝特”号(HTMSChakriNaruebetR-911)。该舰是目前世界上最小的航空母舰,满载排水量不足12000吨。

“差克里·纳吕贝特”号航空母舰的服役,使泰国成为二战后亚洲第二个拥有航母的国家。这艘1997年服役的迷你航母早已失去战斗力,原因是该舰搭载的AV-8S舰载机2006年就全部退役,至今没有替代品。

泰国皇家海军装备的这批AV-8S舰载机是1997年从西班牙采购的二手装备。西班牙海军当年开始装备更先进的AV-8B,将所有的AV-8S(7架)和TAV-8S(2架)翻新后转卖给了泰国。

战斗力系于一种型号舰载机的情况不是特例。二战后,由于航母舰载机喷气化、大型化的趋势明显,轻型航母的前景一度不被看好。这种情况因“鹞”式垂直起降战机的出现而有所改变。

上个世纪七八十年代,英国、西班牙、意大利等国陆续出现了搭载十几架“鹞”式战机,安装有滑跃起飞甲板的轻型航母(同时期的苏联基辅级比较另类)。“鹞”式战机受发动机推力所限极少采用垂直起飞方式,所以这些滑跃起飞甲板都有一定的仰角。

“鹞”式垂直起降战机已经老旧过时,无

法满

足未来战场的需要,而替代机型目前只有美国的F-35B。作为世界上第二种投入现役的五代战机,F-35B将是未来20年美国海军两栖攻击舰搭载的主力战机,单价高达上亿美元。按照10架F-35B的规模估算,舰载机队的费用已经超过轻型航母本身的造价。

出于节省预算的考虑,西班牙、意大利、澳大利亚等国设计建造了同时具备滑跃起飞甲板和船坞的两万吨级两栖攻击舰,试图以机库换坞舱的方式来保留航空作战能力。

这些两栖攻击舰在舰载机出动架次率和综合作战能力上较大型航母有明显差距。但对中等强国海军而言,运作费用可以承受,也能够满足相应的战略需求。

值得注意的是,今年3月份正式服役的日本“出云”级并未采用这种流行的设计,而是专注于支持航空作战,并为运作MV-22(起飞重量与F-35B相当)做了特别优化。“出云”级的二号舰“加贺”号已于今年8月下水,计划2017年3月份加入现役。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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