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叙利亚难民:自己像迁徙羚羊面对鳄鱼只能冲(图)

2015-09-17 08:28:33   中国青年报

对于千幸万苦到达欧洲的叙利亚难民而言,按照《日内瓦公约》等国际法的基本的原则之一,难民不能被驱逐或者被遣送回其人身自由或者生命安全受到威胁的母国——他们可以免于被遣返回叙利亚。但是,基于欧盟的《都柏林协定》,如果一位难民已经在一国被注册(常常是他们入境的第一个欧盟国家),那么,当他试图去往其他欧洲国家申请避难时,他就有可能被遣返回其第一次被注册的国家。正因为如此,希腊、意大利等难民入境欧洲的“门户”国家,已因为难民过多而不堪重负。

直到今年8月24日,德国——许多难民梦想中的最终目的地——率先做出了政策调整的表率,宣布将不再按照《都柏林协定》把入境的叙利亚籍避难申请者遣送至他们进入的第一个欧盟国家。

在8月24日之前,“所有想去德国的难民,都会不惜一切代价避免在欧洲其他国家被提前注册。”罗素解释说。

另一方面,也许是出于减轻自身负担的考虑,希腊目前是唯一个可以为难民出具文书、准许难民逗留一个月而不对他们进行注册的国家。也就是说,刚到此地未经注册的叙利亚难民并不违反规定。

那么,警察想要做什么呢?罗素发现,两辆大巴车开了过来。“为了保证大巴车通过,需要封闭道路,警察是来管制交通的。”罗素看到,当大巴车停下后,咖啡馆里的几乎的人都站起来向巴士跑去——巴士是来接叙利亚人的。一会儿之后,大巴车将向北开往希腊与马其顿的边境。

这段一路向北的旅程,于这些难民而言,是一段苦楚中透着希望的旅程。罗素说。“我理解这一点。希腊政府明白,这些叙利亚人只是把希腊当作中转站,所以希腊政府希望帮助他们开启下一段旅程。”

罗素注意到,大巴车由私人运营,每个上车的叙利亚人大概须支付50欧元(约合人民币360元)。“这个价格比普通大巴车要贵很多。普通的开往边境的大巴也天天发车。”罗素说,“希腊人希望叙利亚人离开希腊,但同时,他们也想在把叙利亚人送出国门的过程中捞一笔。”这一点让罗素颇为看不惯。

不过,第二天一早,罗素自己也要充当转运难民司机的角色——他要自己驾车将一个叙利亚家庭带到德国,走的同样是这条一路向北的路,全程近3000公里。

“一个叙利亚家庭,需要花费两年收入才可能将家中的年轻人送到欧洲”

罗素的乘客是法哈德一家:法哈德本人、他的岳母、侄儿和侄女。法哈德的妻子玛德琳并没有和他们一起上路,她必须暂时留守在他们逃离叙利亚后的第一个暂居地土耳其,照顾家中年迈的祖父母。

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