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神秘“明码电报”:长征中红军险些分裂的一段历史

2016-12-23 15:00:11   

张国焘回电隐瞒了红一、红四方面军已分头行动的事实,按照要求说明了红2、6军团领导,又显示了自己“总政委”的领导地位。张国焘为了增强说服力,还特别以朱德、张国焘来署名。朱德是中革军委主席、红军总司令,张国焘是中革军委副主席、红军总政委。“朱张”名义发来的电报很容易让人理解这是来自中央的电报。而此时红2、6军团领导人并不知道张国焘分裂党、分裂红军、另立中央的真相,还以为是与中央恢复了联系。

但张国焘的回电,却让红2、6军团明确了战略转移的方向。贺龙和任弼时于11月4日决定向红四方面军靠拢。11月19日,红2、6军团主力1.7万余人由湖南桑植县刘家坪等地出发实施战略转移,开始了长征。

1935年12月17日,中共中央政治局在陕北瓦窑堡会议上通过的《中央关于军事战略方针问题的决议》中,把“完成与红2、6军团的通信联络”列为一项战略性任务。

1936年3月25日,张国焘以红军总部的名义,再次发报指示红2、6军团渡过金沙江,与其会合。依据这一指示,红2、6军团渡过金沙江,于7月1日在甘孜与红四方面军会师。会师后,贺龙、任弼时等才知道张国焘分裂党、分裂红军、另立中央的错误行为。

任弼时深知跟张国焘斗争必须依靠中央这个坚强后盾,但必须先把电台密码要过来,恢复与中央直接联络。于是,任弼时找张国焘要密码,但张还是那句老话:“双方的情况我甚为明了,可由我处转。”不愿意交出密码。朱德在一旁说:“你还有什么权力在中央和二方面军之间转报?这样误时误工,我看你就是有意阻挠。”张国焘无话可说,只好交出了密码。

根据中共中央发来的指示精神,7月5日,红2、6军团和红32军组成红二方面军。从此,中央恢复了对红二方面军的直接领导,推动了红二、四方面军实现共同北上的战略行动。

通信联络的长时间中断和不得已条件下反常规使用明码电报,反映了中共中央和中革军委对红2、6军团这支革命队伍的牵念与关心,也折射出贺龙、任弼时领导下的红2、6军团指战员坚决拥护党中央领导、维护红军团结的坚定信念与立场。

1936年10月22日,历经千难万险的红二方面军终于与红一方面军在甘肃静宁以北的将台堡(今属宁夏)胜利会师,完成了伟大的长征。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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