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毛泽东评价叶挺:“人民军队的战史要从你写起”

2016-12-19 14:27:57   

广州起义的工农红军,大部分被编入工农革命军第4师,另有部分转移到广西右江地区,后来参加了百色起义;还有少数人员撤往粤北韶关地区,加入了朱德、陈毅率领的南昌起义军的余部,后来上了井冈山。广州起义尽管失败了,却为举世闻名的长征胜利奠定了基础,为中国共产党成立的军队保存了重要力量,播下了希望的种子。

将军故里。

(三)

“共产党的第一任总司令,人民军队的战史要从你写起。”这是毛泽东对叶挺将军的评价。在陈列室参观时,张副馆长详细地介绍叶挺将军的伟大功绩,秋收起义是党第一支武装——叶挺独立团的爱将连长卢德铭担任指挥部队的总指挥。秋收起义不仅培养了一批优秀的指战员,而且开始农村包围城市的伟大转折,是党摆脱国际束缚,独立思考问题的开端。他说,作为人民解放军历史最长的英雄部队,为中国革命作出了不可磨灭的历史贡献,在我党我军历史上有着重要的地位,叶挺独立团将星如云,仅1955年至1965年间授衔的将领中,就有5位元帅、16名将军出至该团。

历史有时既刻意又自然,评价一个人的功与过、是与非,不是靠推断,更不能靠官僚,而是靠理解,靠认同,靠善良,靠智慧。和平年代如此,特殊时期的特殊环境,更应该如此。可是,在那个特殊年代的特殊时期,我们党的高层少数人做得不够完美,过于主观,脱离实际,导致对同志的伤害和人才的流失。1928年初,李立三奉命前往香港,他以中共中央代表身份主持召开广东省委全会,总结广州起义失败的教训。由于他没有亲身参加广州起义,对起义的具体情况没有认真调研,因此在会上对起义进行了错误的指责,认为“叶挺任红军总司令职务表现消极”等等。中共临时中央常委会接到报告后立即召开会议,决定派周恩来重新处理此事。

周恩来到香港后,及时召开省委扩大会,全面分析广州起义的历史意义,对李立三的作法提出了批评,宣布原来的处分决定无效。周恩来以实事求是的态度正确解决了广东党内的争论,恢复了党的团结,为叶挺等起义领导人排除了困境。然而事情远比想象的复杂得多,随着香港局势的日益恶化,党的机关连续遭到破坏,作为被国民党通缉的“要犯”,叶挺的处境十分危险,党组织决定他赴莫斯科向共产国际汇报。叶挺没有想到,在莫斯科所受到的是更为残酷的打击。米夫、王明等既不虚心听取意见,也不认真研究他的汇报,而是对广州起义横加指责。生性倔强的叶挺难以忍受,内心充满痛苦和压力,他离开了莫斯科到德国流亡去了。

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