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揭秘决定苏联解体的别墅密会 核武外债都归俄罗斯

2016-12-14 14:03:52   

他们连夜起草了一份文件初稿,次日则就一项14点声明达成了一致。这份协议在3国议会以压倒性多数通过之后于12月12日生效。12月21日,这3个《别洛韦日协议》签约国与另外8个苏联加盟共和国在哈萨克斯坦的阿拉木图举行会谈,这8个共和国都签署了一份加入这个“独联体”的协议。联合国于12月23日承认了这份文件。

这份协议使俄罗斯成为苏联的继承者,让它担负起苏联债务和管理核武库的全部责任。舒什克维奇称该协议是对一些紧迫问题做出的务实反应,乌克兰前总统克拉夫丘克的评论则更具哲学意味,称该协议是乌克兰在经过一个世纪“漫长独立征程”取得的成就。

当被问及克里米亚问题时,克拉夫丘克说,这个问题没有在别洛韦日会议上提出。尽管在事实上讨论过黑海舰队的地位问题,但当时没有给出明确的解决方案。他还指出,克里米亚在1991年12月1日乌克兰全民公投中投票赞成独立。在当时的投票中,92%的乌克兰选民投票支持乌克兰独立,但克里米亚支持独立的投票人仅占54%。

更重要的是,那次乌克兰公投决定了苏联的命运,并导致舒什克维奇召集三国领导人在别洛韦日会晤。克拉夫丘克坚称是鲍里斯·叶利钦先提议召开一次没有戈尔巴乔夫参加的会议,但舒什克维奇断然否认了这种说法。

一方面,这些回忆是来自创造历史的几个人的无价证词。另一方面,在苏联解体25年后,人们的记忆开始逐渐消退,而每出现新的说法时便又重现。一次次的合理化解释的尝试也在不断重塑人们记住的历史。(编译/宋彩萍)

资料图:三国领导人签署《别洛韦日协议》的现场

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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