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揭秘:中共一大代表中的五位“变节落伍者”是谁?

2016-11-07 15:01:06   

在中共第一次全国代表大会的13位代表中,有些人的一生是革命的、光辉的、伟大的一生。像毛泽东、董必武,后来成为中共领袖、历史巨人;何叔衡血洒疆场,壮烈牺牲;邓恩铭、陈潭秋惨遭杀害,英勇就义;王尽美积劳成疾,英年早逝。有的人因与陈独秀、张国焘矛盾较深,加之个性独特而宣布退党。如李汉俊、李达。但他们脱党而不放弃信仰。李汉俊虽不在党组织中活动,却利用自己的“合法”职位,掩护了一批尚未暴露的共产党员和进步人士,最后以“共党首要分子”之罪名被桂系军阀杀害。李达自省脱党是一生“最大的错误”,在1949年12月由毛泽东作为历史见证人、刘少奇作介绍人又重新入党。然而,也有几个如同鲁迅先生所说,“因为终极目的的不同,在行进时,也时时有人退伍,有人落荒,有人颓唐,有人叛变”。陈公博、周佛海、张国焘、包惠僧、刘仁静便是如此。其中陈公博、周佛海、张国焘背弃信仰,叛变投敌;包惠僧、刘仁静历经曲折,迷途知返。这里,笔者对他们落伍后的言行作一勾勒,以飨读者。

二号巨奸陈公博

以参加中共一大为转折点,陈公博对马克思主义的政治热情急剧下降,以至于在几个月时间内,对共产主义学说产生了怀疑和困惑,后来竟产生出国留学的念头,以逃脱党的工作和轰轰烈烈的大革命。

1922年6月,陈炯明发动叛乱,炮轰孙中山的总统府。为此,中共中央召开杭州西湖会议,决定联孙反陈。会后,中央要求广州党组织断绝与陈炯明的关系。但陈公博破坏党的纪律,公然写文章支持陈炯明,这理所当然地遭到中央的批评。中央要求他去上海回答党内的质疑,他也不予理睬。后来,他竟公然声明绝不受党的羁束,不再履行党的任务,与中共中央决裂。不久,他前往美国哥伦比亚大学就读。

1925年4月,陈公博从美国回到广州,随即加入国民党,再度登上政治舞台。1926年1月,在国民党第二次全国代表大会上,陈公博当选国民党中央执行委员。短短几个月,陈公博从一个刚入党的新党员跃进国民党核心领导层,成为国民党大员。这些都与汪精卫的提携密切相关。1927年4月,汪精卫已是武汉国民政府的首脑,陈公博成为汪氏政治上的坚定支持者。后来,蒋介石将汪精卫赶下台,陈公博被迫逃往香港。

“九一八”事变后,蒋汪实行暂时合作。陈公博就任国民党中央民众训练部长、行政院实业部长。抗日战争全面爆发后,陈公博与已叛国投敌的汪精卫、周佛海狼狈为奸。1940年3月,汪伪政权“还都”南京。陈公博充任伪国民党中央执行委员会常务委员、伪立法院长,参与和策划了汪伪政府的重大决策,成为汪伪政府的第二号人物。11月,陈公博以立法院长的身份主持签订了“日汪基本关系条约”。这是一个地地道道、彻头彻尾的卖国条约。1944年3月,汪精卫因病赴日就医。根据汪的提议,陈公博代行伪国民政府主席之职。伪最高国防会议、伪中央政治执行委员会会议、伪军事委员会常务会议等,也都由陈公博主持,可谓集大权于一身。同年11月,汪精卫病死。陈公博继承汪氏身前之职。在“就职训词”中,他极力鼓吹“两个凡是”:“凡是汪主席手定之政策,皆为公博奉行之政策;凡是汪主席生前之设施,皆为公博现在之设施。”

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