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德国老兵:如果没希特勒出现 德国依然会发动二战

2016-10-28 16:21:33   

老市长出生于1937年,那时距离战争的启动只剩下两年时间,对“一战”后德国所处的极度困境他不可能有直接体验。为了验证他讲述的希特勒上台前后的德国境况,我在接下来的采访中专门就这个问题询问过很多老兵,以下为部分被采访者的谈话实录。

戴林,邦特鲁普(Barntrop)人,1926年出生,1944年应征参军,第三山地师高射机枪手:

 在7岁以前,我的全部记忆就是一个词--饥饿。我们全家一共五口人中只有父亲一个人工作,而他竟然总共失业了7年半的时间!那时我们全家每个星期能够从 政府得到7马克的救济,长期吃不饱肚子。当时全德国至少有半数人口受到大失业的波及。德国人已经活不下去了。我们全家能够买得起的食品就是数量很少的土豆 和面包。我的母亲就把土豆煮得稀烂后捣成泥,然后拌上盐,让我们抹在面包上吃,就像今天在面包上抹果酱和黄油那样。1933年希特勒上台以后,德国简直就 像获得了重生。生活很快就得到了改善,老百姓不但有了吃的,就业率也几乎达到了100%。作为一个7岁的孩子,我当时最鲜明的记忆就是:肚子吃饱了,日子 好过了,我们有希望了!

布朗特,奥格斯堡(Augsburg)人,1916年出生,1939年自愿参军,空军飞行员:

 “一战”结束时我已经3岁了,我属于亲身经历过德国的两次战败及战后重建的一代人。对20年代的饥饿和通货膨胀,我至今记忆犹新。当时的物价非常昂贵, 钞票上的数字都以亿为最小的计量单位。我家里很穷。父亲是个小公务员,参加过第一次世界大战,他的工资微薄,只能提供一个孩子的学费,所以家里只有我哥哥 一个人能上学。我的小学知识有一大部分是自己在家里学的。希特勒上台那年我17岁,当时我对政治不太了解,只知道在慕尼黑起家的国社党成为了执政党。但过 了不久我发现周围环境开始发生奇迹般的变化--生活物资充足起来了,失业大军消失了,高速公路建成了,国防实力恢复了……希特勒竞选时的全部承诺都在一步 步地兑现。大家对前途有了信心,开始相信国社党领导德国的能力。“二战”爆发那年我23岁,我是自愿入伍的。我觉得这是我对祖国应尽的义务。但我有一个先 天的毛病,就是射击时只能把枪托顶在左肩,这个习惯使我无法去当步兵,于是我干了飞行员。在参军前,我干过3年滑翔机教练,去空军毫无问题。

罗迪,柏林(Berlin)人,1921年出生,1941年自愿参军,装甲兵:

 我出身于一个商贾之家。父母各自的家庭都殷实富足。我祖父在1870年发现了一个很有潜力的新市场--制作葬礼服。他很快就成立了公司,生意越做越大。 1904年,他花了120万金马克在柏林市中心区的宪兵广场旁购买了一块地皮并建起了一幢公司大楼。这个公司后来传给了父亲。“一战”结束后德国的经济持 续十几年低靡不振。当时的社会福利制度远远不能和现在相比,失业金少得可怜,老百姓普遍吃都吃不饱。我父亲的公司长期入不敷出,被迫裁员,最后只剩下了一 个空架子。就在公司濒临破产的时候,纳粹党上台了,德国的形势突变。在国内,持续衰败了十多年的经济形势一天天好转,我父亲的公司又开始正常运转了。在国 外,德国获得了捷克的苏台德地区,兼并了奥地利,还一步步夺回了外交主权……1935年,我加入了希特勒青年团,1941年2月我自愿入伍,这样我就有资 格选择军种了。因为我的皮肤对潮湿环境过敏,我拒绝了让我去当海军的安排,尽管征召我们的是那艘赫赫有名的“俾斯麦号”战列舰。我幸亏没有去,这艘战舰上 的官兵后来全部葬身大西洋海底了。炮兵呢,我也不愿意干,响声太大了。后来征兵处建议我选择装甲兵,我接受了。

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