军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China

纵横欧亚两大洲的蒙古帝国为什么没能统治非洲?

2016-10-28 16:03:53   双头鹰

曾经在抵抗十字军过程中表现出色的艾尤布王朝的穆斯林战士们最终没能抵抗住来自东方的入侵,1259年9月,艾尤布王朝的苏丹向旭烈兀投降称臣,叙利亚全境陷落。怯的不花率领的蒙古前锋部队则迅速攻下了约旦河西岸的纳布卢斯,并一直前进到加沙地带。蒙古人已经兵临西奈半岛,非洲大陆近在咫尺了。

而正在这个时候,发生了一系列的事件,阻碍了蒙古人前进的步伐。蒙哥大汗于1259年8月11日在围攻南宋钓鱼城的战斗中去世。他的两个弟弟忽必烈与阿里不哥展开了争夺汗位的战争。作为他们亲兄弟的旭烈兀虽然对汗位兴趣不大,但同胞兄弟间的争斗也迫使他不得不率军回到伊朗,以应付可能出现的危机。

在回去之前,他把大马士革一直到加沙的管辖权交给了最信任的怯的不花,并留给了他不到两万人的军队,其中大部分是沿途征发来的不可靠的仆从军,而真正的蒙古骑兵只有几千人。正当整个西亚穆斯林世界都在蒙古大军的铁蹄下颤抖时。在艾尤布王朝的统治地之一的埃及,也发生着另外一些影响着后来历史进程的事件,这就是马穆鲁克人的崛起。

当时的埃及,同样由萨拉丁家族的后裔们统治着,属于松散的艾尤布王朝的组成部分之一。这些艾尤布王朝的王公贵族们有一个特别的爱好,就是喜欢驯养一些被称为“马穆鲁克”的奴隶来为他们作战。这些马穆鲁克人大都是从小就被贩卖到埃及的高加索契尔克斯突厥人或里海北岸的钦察突厥人。这些突厥小孩被卖到埃及以后,接受了伊斯兰教义,并从小接受严酷的军事训练。

很快,在埃及的艾尤布王朝统治者就有了一支精锐的马穆鲁克军团,所有的高级军官都是苏丹所宠信的马穆鲁克突厥奴隶。这些马穆鲁克与已经衰弱的萨拉丁的后裔们不同,他们依然保持着那些突厥游牧部落所天生具有的野性和进取心。很快,马穆鲁克们不再甘心做奴隶,他们没有废多大的力量就推翻了原来的艾尤布王朝的主人,自己坐上了苏丹的宝座。当蒙古人的军队迫近埃及的时候,埃及的苏丹已经换成了马穆鲁克人忽都思。

旭烈兀在离开大马士革前,按照蒙古人一贯的做法,先给埃及的马穆鲁克苏丹忽都思写了一封信,要求他服从“上天选择的成吉思汗及其子孙”的统治,向蒙古人称臣。忽都思召集了手下的心腹来讨论到底如何应对。

他对他的部下说:“如今整个叙利亚都充满了哭声,从巴格达一直到木鹿的土地都荒芜了,面对敌人,我们只有三种选择:或和、或战、或逃离本国。如果我们向蒙古人投降,他们会像屠杀其他地方的人一样来屠杀我们;如果我们想要逃,我们的西面都是沙漠;我们只有去战斗并争取胜利!”忽都思的话赢得了众人的赞同,于是马穆鲁克们集合起了自己所有的军队,向西奈半岛进发。数万马穆鲁克骑兵很快越过了西奈的沙漠,他们击溃了留驻在加沙的一支蒙古人小分队。

上一页2/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161028/30024368_2.html
Server: cms-9-53
Date: 2025/01/05 12:13:15

Powered by China
China