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揭二战巴丹“死亡行军”:竟与南京大屠杀原因相近

2016-10-27 15:37:31   

除了上述几组证据之外,列斯特·坦尼博士在《活着回家:巴丹死亡行军亲历记》一书中也提供了一组证据。他引用了神保信彦在《菲律宾的黎明》中的材料—日军高层在马尼拉发布命令:和我军在巴丹半岛对抗的任何部队,不管是否投降,都应该被彻底消灭,任何不能走到集中营的美军战俘,在行军途中都必须在离公路两百米以外的地方处死。

与南京大屠杀相似之处

前面所列举的材料和专家的研究成果,虽然还有些地方存在细微的差别,本着“大胆假设,小心求证”的态度,笔者认为以上的各组证据至少可以说明以下几点。

第一,在菲律宾战役期间,辻政信人在本间的司令部里。

托兰先生点明他在本间的参谋部里,参谋部隶属于司令部。王俊彦先生引用的金少将的证词,将辻政信当做本间的参谋长,虽然不太准确,但是辻政信如果不在本间的司令部里,他不会有此一说。俞天任先生说辻政信以大本营参谋的名义去协助本间指挥作战,辻政信在本间的司令部里无疑。

华尔德上校没有点明辻政信是否在本间雅晴的司令部里,但是从字面意思分析,辻政信应该是在本间的身边,要不然他不会断言,“幸亏辻政信被召回东京,那70000名俘虏才暂免一死。” 辻政信必然处于一个非常重要的位置,才会有如此巨大的权力,他所在的位置,只能是在菲律宾日军的最高指挥机关—14军军部里。正因为他在军部,才需要炮制“大本营”的命令,因为只有本间的上级指挥机关的命令,才会压服本间,辻政信胆太大,他干脆用日军最高军事指挥机关的名义,不过他当时的身份为他提供了掩护。

第二,辻政信炮制了杀俘命令。前四组证据,都指明了这一点。神保信彦的记录,点明杀俘的命令,来自马尼拉的日军高层,辻政信嫌疑极大。笔者需要对命令的文本进行分析,如果命令的文本具有很大的相似性,只能说明一个问题—这些文本是由一个命令演化而来的,这个命令在传达的过程中措辞发生了变化,要么就是发布了几个类似的命令。

仔细比较华尔德上校和托兰的“命令”版本,可以发现,这两个版本都认为这场战争是种族战争,前者是“俘虏们必须杀掉”,后者是“俘虏必须一律处决”,两种说法相近。托兰的版本对种族战争的概念阐述得更加清楚,但是华尔德上校指出了屠杀是为了省去麻烦、转移兵力的需要。于是这场大屠杀有着和南京大屠杀共同的原因—与其增加负担,要分兵看管人数庞大的战俘,并为他们供应巨量饮食,不如将他们杀掉,一了百了。

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