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东印度庄园风光
化装潜入 大量盗取
1848年9月,福钧抵达上海。当时的上海还只是一个根据南京条约向外国人开放的小港口,被认为是“冒险家的乐园”。那时,鸦片渗入中国,近200万中国人沉湎其中。鸦片对中国来说是一场灾难,但对英国商人来说却是赚钱的好办法。形势很紧张,中国人对欧洲人很敌视。在这种情况下,福钧必须运用计谋才能混入当地民众中而不被认出来。但这很有难度,因为福钧身高1.8米,具有英国人的肤色。他弄了一套中国人穿的衣服,按照中国人的方式理了发,加上了一条长辫子(他上次在中国就已用过的辫子),打扮得让乡下的农民认不出他是欧洲人(农民也没有见过欧洲人),然后向以盛产绿茶闻名的黄山进发。陪同他前往的有来自产茶区的两个中国人。这两个人一个是男仆,一个是苦力,他们收了福钧的钱,便帮助他隐瞒身份。
福钧的任务充满风险。他是继葡萄牙人后第一个渗入中国内地的外国人,如果被清王朝的卫士发现,他必死无疑。此外,他还必须小心 提防无处不在的强盗匪徒,对付急流险滩,靠葡萄牙人绘制的错误百出的地图寻找道路,应付随时可能患病的危险。但这些风险不但没有吓倒福钧,反而使他感到十分兴奋和刺激。正像佩雷尔施泰因所说的那样,福钧是"一个杰出的植物学家,同时也是一个冒险家"。
面对丰富多彩的各种植物,面对满山遍野的绿色茶树,福钧兴奋不已。每走一段路,他都要纪录下自己的所见所闻。佩雷尔施泰因就从图书馆里看到过他写的14篇旅行手记。福钧从早到晚观察植物,他深知茶树种子在当地茶园是多么珍贵和受重视。
在跋涉于萧茶区的过程中,福钧发现,这里多雾的气候和富含银元素的土壤很适于种植药用茶。他由此了解到何种气候和土壤才适于种植优质茶。在宁波地区,他采集到许多茶种。他常常碰到这种情况:由于他出手大方,表现得体,主人常常拿出自己珍藏的最好的茶招待他这位客人,以感谢他的来访。
秘密偷运 招募能人
1848年12月15日,福钧在写给英国驻印度总督达尔豪西侯爵的信中说:“我高兴地向您报告:我已弄到了大量茶种和茶树苗,我希望能将其完好地送到您手中。在最近两个月里,我已将我收集的很大一部分茶种播种于院子里,目的是不久以后将茶树苗送到印度去。”他信中所说的院子,是指英国驻当地领事馆的院子以及一些英国商人住所的院子,福钧用这些院子来试验种茶树。他发往加尔各答的每批茶种和茶树苗都是分3只船装运的,目的是尽量减少损失。
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