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北洋政府军事行动纪实:出兵外蒙和西伯利亚

2016-10-12 14:44:23   

前两项不难理解,后两项有所出处。因为宋焕章的部队出身非常奇特。宋支队由第九师三十三团配属炮兵两连、骑兵机枪各一连组成,由三十三团长宋焕章任支队长。第九师的前身是袁世凯的第二期模范团,装备最好,新式德械,在当时世界上也可算是一流的精兵。

这支部队的诞生,要追溯到徐树铮和蒋百里将军的恩怨了。蒋百里就是后来抗战持久战的提出者,蒋和徐两个人都是国家栋梁,而且都风度翩翩,才华横溢,可惜不能相容。这是因为蒋百里和段琪瑞有宿仇,蒋在日本陆校第三期独占鳌头,从三百多名日本毕业生手中夺去日本天皇赐剑,日人引为奇耻大辱,其实就算没有蒋百里,日本人也拿不了第一,第二名是中国另一员名将:蔡锷,因此他回国的时候极受重视。袁世凯对段的跋扈作势不满,正好新归国的蒋百里意气风发,锐意革新,袁就按照蒋的意见办模范团,并罢免了段陆军部长的职务,大有用蒋代之的准备,那是段一生最为凄惶的时刻,段徐一体,皖系上台后对蒋极为压制,蒋准备通过模范团中心开花建设新式国防军的努力付诸东流。但是,模范团确实精锐。

中国难得有派兵出国露脸的机会,故段政府派了这支仪仗队式的部队出国,军容整齐哪有奇怪。至于战绩,苏俄忙于内战,不想和干涉军发生冲突,在远东只有游击队进行牵制。俄人素恨日人,常有零散日军小分队遭苏俄红军游击队消灭之事。而苏俄红军和华军关系却不错,从无冲突,最多也是朝天放枪应付一下。所以华军基本上没什么战斗损失,是以“战绩最好”。实际上,华军和苏俄红军相处可以说得上融洽,双方人员还常互相来往坐坐。

可是,后续的接应却久久不到,徐树铮将军奉命率军离开外蒙返回。一年后,宋支队也只好后撤回国,虽然保障三江主权的基本目标达到,规复北方失地却无从谈起,留下的只有海军部队。林建章将军很奇怪,为什么后续部队迟迟不来呢?

中国又闹内乱了。

(3)庙街事件

1920年6月,直系发表“为驱除徐氏、解散安福系而致西北边防军书”,其中有这样的话:徐氏“乃野心权利者,利用愚民政策,采取军阀主义,拥我数十万朔方健儿,以为同室操戈之用。不以防边,而以防内。”

真不明白收复外蒙属于同室操戈,而直系和皖系之争倒不算?在国内政治压力下,总统徐世昌不得不将徐树铮免职下野,但直皖战争还是未能避免,结果段氏皖系大败;7月9日,段琪瑞下台,徐树铮遭通缉,逃入外国使馆。此时中国陷入军阀政客们的新一轮权力角逐,民族大局在他们个人和派系利益面前,变得微乎其微。

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