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毛泽东筹划用武力解放台湾为何没能实现?

2016-10-11 15:13:43   何立波 中国共产党新闻网

何立波

推荐至人民微博: 用户名: 密码:  看看微博    朝鲜停战协定签署,毛泽东认为是该解决台湾问题的时候了。10月,毛泽东在中央军委会议上说:“朝鲜停战了,我们身上的担子一下轻了很多……这两年,我们那位在台湾的蒋先生趁我们抗美援朝无暇他顾之际,仗着有‘山姆大叔’撑腰,很是兴风作浪,在那里做反攻大陆的美梦哩!我们现在已经可以腾出手来了,我看该集中力量去解决台湾的问题了。”

8月27日,对毛泽东意图不知情的解放军总政治部以前线指挥部的名义连续广播一篇广播稿,提到“对金门的登陆进攻已经迫在眉睫”,引起了海外媒体的高度关注。9月1日,毛泽东从外电中得知这一情况,对总政治部提出了严厉的批评。他责成中央军委起草了《对台湾和沿海蒋占岛屿军事斗争的指示》,9月3日经他审阅修改后下发,其中提出:“台湾和沿海蒋占岛屿问题的全部、彻底解决,不是短时间的事,而是一种持久的斗争,我们必须有长期的打算。”这说明毛泽东对台湾问题长久性的充分估计。

10月3日、4日,毛泽东主持召开中央政治局常委会议,讨论台湾海峡局势,指出:“让金、马留在蒋介石手里如何?这样做的好处是金、马离大陆很近,我们可以通过这里同国民党保持接触,什么时候需要就什么时候打炮,什么时候需要紧张一点就把绞索拉紧一点,什么时候需要缓和一下就把绞索放松一下,可以作为对付美国人的一个手段。”毛泽东最后说:“方针已定,还是打而不登,断而不死,让蒋军留在金、马。”这就是著名的“绞索”政策。

10月6日,毛泽东以国防部长彭德怀的名义发表了《告台湾同胞书》,指出:“台、澎、金、马是中国的一部分,世界上只有一个中国,没有两个中国。”“美帝国主义是我们的共同敌人。”“我们都是中国人,三十六计,和为上计。”“我们之间是有战火的,应当停止并予以熄灭。这就需要谈判。”“建议举行和平谈判,和平解决。”毛泽东宣布“从10月6日起,暂以七天为期,停止炮击……但以没有美国人护航为条件。”

10月13日,毛泽东在周恩来等人的陪同下接见了曹聚仁。毛泽东说:“只要蒋氏父子能抵制美国,我们可以和他合作。我们赞成蒋介石保住金、马的方针,如蒋撤退金、马,大势已去,人心动摇,很可能垮。只要不同美国搞在一起,台、澎、金、马都可由蒋管,可管多少年,但要让通航,不要来大陆搞特务活动。台、澎、金、马要整个回来。”毛泽东接着指出:“我们的方针是孤立美国。他只有走这一条路,不走只有被动。要告诉台湾,我们在华沙不谈台湾问题,只谈要美国人走。蒋不要怕我们同美国人一起整他。”毛泽东还描述了统一后的台湾状况:“他(按:蒋介石)的军队可以保存,我不压迫他裁兵,不要他简政,让他搞三民主义,反共在他那里反,但不要派飞机、派特务来捣乱。他不来白色特务,我也不去红色特务。”曹聚仁问:“台湾有人问生活方式怎样?”毛泽东说:“照他们自己的生活方式。”周恩来补充说:“美国企图以金门、马祖换台湾、澎湖,我们根本不同他谈。台湾抗美就是立功。希望台湾的小三角(指蒋介石、陈诚、蒋经国)团结起来,最好是一个当总统,一个当行政院长,一个将来当副院长。”毛泽东在这里明确了台湾“高度自治”的权限,即允许保留军队,原有的政治、经济体制和权力架构。

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