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毛泽东筹划用武力解放台湾为何没能实现?

2016-10-11 15:13:43   何立波 中国共产党新闻网

1950年5月17日,第三野战军前委发出了《保证攻台作战胜利的几点意见》,并成立了以粟裕为总指挥的前线指挥部,以3个兵团、12个军,共50万人的兵力,投入对台作战准备。在1950年6月上旬的七届三中全会上,毛泽东重申“解放台湾、西藏,跟帝国主义斗争到底”的决心。华东军区副司令员粟裕在会上也汇报了解放台湾的具体实施步骤和各项攻台作战的准备情况。毛泽东当即决定,解放台湾的战役由粟裕具体负责实施。美国的远东情报处发出哀叹:“台湾将于7月15日以前遭受中共全面攻击,由于政府军队涣散,民心浮动,中共将于发动攻击后数周之内顺利夺占台湾。”

但到了1950年6月25日,朝鲜战争爆发,形势发生了重大变化。到7月中旬,朝鲜战局严重恶化,美军从仁川登陆,朝鲜人民军腹背受敌,遭受严重伤亡,形势急转直下。9月29日,毛泽东在给新闻总署署长胡乔木的信中指出:“以后请注意,只说是打台湾和西藏,不说任何时间。”10月2日,“联合国”军越过三八线,并很快将战火烧至鸭绿江边。严峻的形势,迫使毛泽东不得不把解放台湾的时间向后推延。然而此后解放台湾问题久拖不决,却是毛泽东始料未及的。原中联部副部长王力曾回忆说:“毛泽东同我讲过,这是我党七大后所犯的第一个大的历史错误。当时,蒋介石在台湾立足未稳,美国人也从台湾撤走了第七舰队,本来是解放台湾的最好时机,但是我们丧失了时机。我们只看到胡宗南在西南还有大军,于是二野分兵去了西南,三野又要守备大城市和扫清残敌,所以没有把二野三野集中起来解放台湾,而是以劣势兵力在金门打了败仗。这样蒋介石在台湾的棋下活了。在大陆,蒋介石输了,我们赢了;在台湾,我们输了,蒋介石赢了。这是一个大的历史错误,是不能挽回的错误。但是我们同蒋介石还有两个共同点,第一中国要独立,第二中国要统一。这个统一就不能不是长期的了。”

何立波

推荐至人民微博: 用户名: 密码:  看看微博    朝鲜停战协定签署,毛泽东认为是该解决台湾问题的时候了。10月,毛泽东在中央军委会议上说:“朝鲜停战了,我们身上的担子一下轻了很多……这两年,我们那位在台湾的蒋先生趁我们抗美援朝无暇他顾之际,仗着有‘山姆大叔’撑腰,很是兴风作浪,在那里做反攻大陆的美梦哩!我们现在已经可以腾出手来了,我看该集中力量去解决台湾的问题了。”

1953年7月,朝鲜停战协定签署。毛泽东认为是该解决台湾问题的时候了。10月,毛泽东在中央军委会议上说:“朝鲜停战了,我们身上的担子一下轻了很多……这两年,我们那位在台湾的蒋先生趁我们抗美援朝无暇他顾之际,仗着有‘山姆大叔’撑腰,很是兴风作浪,在那里做反攻大陆的美梦哩!我们现在已经可以腾出手来了,我看该集中力量去解决台湾的问题了。”毛泽东要求大家“从现在起,就应该就此着手准备,要长治久安,不解放台湾不行”。1954年7月23日,毛泽东电告在日内瓦的周恩来,指出:“为击破美蒋的军事和政治联合,必须向全国、全世界提出‘解放台湾’的口号。我们在朝鲜停战后没有及时提出‘解放台湾’的任务是不妥的,现在若还不进行此项工作,我们将犯严重的政治错误。”8月22日,中国人民政治协商会议、中国共产党和各民主党派、人民团体,联合发表《解放台湾联合宣言》指出:“台湾是中国的领土,中国人民一定要解放台湾。”祖国大陆掀起了“一定要解放台湾”的宣传高潮,表明了中国人民的决心。

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