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为什么陕甘苏区成为四路红军长征的落脚点?

2016-10-10 17:10:51   闫茁草 蔡琳琳 李悦 新华社

中央红军(1935年8月恢复红一方面军番号)开始长征后,一直在苦苦寻觅落脚点,但皆因国民党军的围追堵截和当地条件的不合适而未能如愿。在同红四方面军会师后,这一问题变得尤为迫切。1935年6月26日,中共中央政治局在两河口召开扩大会议,依据两军会师后的有利形势,详细分析了川西或川西北地区不适宜建立根据地的情况,决定向北发展,在川陕甘创建根据地。

张国焘虽然在两河口会议上对中央的战略方针表示赞同,但会后仍坚持其南下川康的错误主张,故意延宕红军北上行动。

9月18日,中共中央率领北上红军进占哈达铺。毛泽东、张闻天等从当地找到的报纸上获悉了红25军和陕甘苏区的情况。9月27日,中共中央在榜罗镇召开政治局常委会议,正式决定把落脚点放在陕北。10月19日,中共中央率领陕甘支队到达吴起镇,宣告红一方面军主力的长征胜利结束,同时也证明了中共中央北上方针的正确。

克服张国焘分裂错误,红二、红四方面军落脚陕甘

1935年冬,中国掀起抗日救亡运动的新高潮。为适应全国政治形势的新变化,中共中央于12月17日至25日在瓦窑堡召开政治局扩大会议,确定了建立抗日民族统一战线的总政策,中国革命开始由国内革命战争向抗日民族战争转变。1936年2月至7月,红一方面军先后发起了东征、西征战役,巩固和扩大了陕甘苏区,推动了抗日民族统一战线的建立和抗日救亡运动的发展,为红二、红四方面军北上落脚创造了条件。

坚持南下并分裂党和红军的张国焘,在1935年9月率部南下后,四处碰壁,处境十分艰难。在南下失败和中央北上开展新局面的强烈对比中,红四方面军广大指战员对张国焘的南下主张日益不满。在中共中央和朱德、刘伯承、徐向前等人耐心说服和斗争下,张国焘被迫取消了另立的“中央”。1936年7月红2、红6军与红四方面军会师后,任弼时、贺龙等与张国焘分裂错误进行了坚决斗争,维护了全党全军团结。这时,中共中央连电张国焘,要求红四、红二方面军乘“两广事变”爆发,胡宗南部南调之机,迅速北上甘南,同红一方面军一起创建西北抗日根据地,进一步促进党的抗日民族统一战线政策的实现。

红二、红四方面军北上后,中共中央极为关心,不断向他们通报敌情,介绍全国革命形势,鼓励他们战胜困难,团结前进。在红一方面军策应下,红二、红四方面军以惊人的毅力,克服重重困难,通过茫茫草地,击溃敌人的拦截,于1936年10月同红一方面军胜利会师,汇聚陕甘。

光荣的陕甘苏区,为长征中的中共中央和四路红军提供了最终落脚点,此后又成为主力红军奔赴抗日前线的出发点,为中国革命和中国革命战争开创新局面作出了重大贡献。

(新华社北京10月10日电)

责任编辑:张海潮
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