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从义结金兰到反目成仇:蒋介石冯玉祥之分合

2016-09-23 13:49:57   时代周报

冯玉祥到南京初期,蒋介石与他几乎朝夕相处,事事向他请教,他每提出一个建议,蒋介石都诺诺答应,甚至用红铅笔记下。

正是如此,在这段时间内,冯玉祥致蒋介石的多封书信开头写道“昨晚聚谈,以鄙见所及,荷蒙嘉许”、“昨晚承招饮,相谈甚欢,所陈三事,颇蒙嘉许”、“昨谈各事,快甚!”等的话语。而冯玉祥确也将自己关于国家政治、经济、文化建设甚至包括法律的一些观点,写给蒋介石阅览。

1936年12月12日,张学良、杨虎城为逼蒋抗日,发动了震惊中外的西安事变。西安事变后,冯玉祥致电张学良、杨虎城,请求释放蒋介石,同时表示,自己愿意去西安做人质,以保证张杨的安全。

在12月13日这封致张学良的电文中,冯玉祥写道:“若犹难释然,祥当约同知交多人留居贵处以为释回介公之保证。”

1937年7月7日,卢沟桥事变爆发,国共两党开始了第二次合作。抗日战争爆发后,冯玉祥选择全力拥护蒋介石,到南京就任军事委员会副委员长。两人携手走向抗日战场。

从陶英惠教授搜集的电文看,淞沪会战期间,冯玉祥被蒋介石任命为第三战区司令长官;其后冯又出任第六战区司令长官,期间冯玉祥举荐的人才如冯治安、鹿钟麟等一概予以录用。

自1939年下半年起,蒋介石、冯玉祥的互动日渐减少。对此,陶英惠教授解释:此时冯玉祥经常接触者,多为共党或左派人士。而冯玉祥又遇事好作批评,致蒋介石对其“敬而远之”。

此后,冯玉祥基本无公事可办,直至抗战胜利。

1945年,冯玉提出出国考察。蒋介石给了他“水利特使”的名头,并给他办了退伍手续—1945年7月31日。“他为这个事很伤心,他可是个终身的职业军人啊。”据余华心介绍,这是冯玉祥后来始终不肯原谅蒋介石、反蒋到底的重要原因之一。

1946年9月14日,冯玉祥携夫人李德全、参议冯纪发等八人抵达美国。

不过,蒋冯最后的决裂是在1947年。 这一年的9月9日,冯玉祥在美国组织“华侨和平民主协会”,以促进其呼吁美国政府停止对中国之一切援助。其后,又多次在美国街头发表演讲,呼吁美国民众不要支持蒋介石。

1947年11月12日,蒋介石以其反政府言论和行动,过于离谱,撤销了其赴美考察水利专使名义,令即回国。冯玉祥不予理睬,随即国民党开除了冯玉祥的党籍。1948年元旦,李济琛领导的“国民党革命委员会”在香港成立,冯玉祥被选为中央委员之一。

2月8日,冯玉祥在《纽约下午报》发表了一封致蒋介石的公开信,信中冯玉祥指斥蒋介石撕毁了政治协商会议全部议案和诺言。要求蒋介石,“下野,立刻离开中国,把所有的交还人民!如果你仍是基督信徒的话,那么,你应该向上帝招认你的罪过。”

信中,冯玉祥告诉蒋介石,我写给你这一封信,或者是最后一封信。没想到,一语成谶,1948年9月1日冯玉祥在黑海敖德萨港附近因苏联“胜利号”轮船起火去世。

责任编辑:张海潮
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