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消失的德国女党卫军:未经历过真正的战场厮杀

2016-08-19 14:52:44   人民网

在老相册中,我看到了安捷和几个女孩子在探照灯前的一张合影,果然个个强壮。我放下照片后问道:“‘二战’期间,德国和苏联都曾大规模地征召妇女参加军队工作。我记得苏联征召了80万,德国征召了50万。您知道苏、德两国妇女在参战形式上有什么区别吗?”

安捷答道:“有很大的区别。俄国的参战妇女是真正的军人。除了常规的医疗和通讯工作外,她们中有很多人和男兵一样当狙击手、侦察员、坦克兵甚至干飞行员。而在德国并没有真正意义上的女兵。直到战争的最后关头,德国也没有派女性去最前线厮杀。这是一条底线,也是西欧各国的传统:火线作战部队只能由男性组成。所以,在‘二战’中苏联女兵有很大死伤,而德国方面的参战妇女损失很小。我看过一个统计材料,上面说,到1944年10月,德国的女人共承担了350个探照灯连的任务,到1945年3月(也就是德国投降前一个多月),像我们这样直接介入军事活动的妇女达到了50万人,差不多占德国剩余总兵力的20%吧!不过,官方从来不把我们这些人视为正规军的军人,而称我们是‘国防军女助手’。我们分布在防空、通讯、装备维护等领域。此外,负责战地服务的准军事化女性还有10万人。

“但这并不说明纳粹没有打过让女性上一线作战的主意。曾担任‘德意志妇女会’主席的尤塔在她的回忆录里说过:1945年初,帝国青年局的局长阿克斯曼打算向纳粹的党办主任鲍曼提出成立女兵作战营的建议,为此他来征求尤塔的意见。尤塔说:‘绝对不可以,如果我们的战争打到了寄希望于妇女来拯救我们的程度,这种战争无论如何都不再有意义。女人从生物学的角度上讲就不适于扛枪打仗。’尤塔这一句话救了很多人。

“在所有参战的妇女中,上高炮阵地的人是最有风险的。好在我驻守的地方并不是盟军空军的攻击重点。我们的防空部队驻扎在德国西北部的海岸附近,高炮阵地设在汉堡和库克斯哈芬之间的一条河道旁,这是易北河的一个支流,空袭不太频繁。这使得我们这群‘女兵’们都很喜爱这样的生活,因为它足够刺激却并不十分危险。另外,生活供应也相对充足。天哪,我们一个个都吃得很胖。在服役期间,我们还能经常有机会回家。每次回家,我们都换上花花绿绿的衣裳,因为我们嫌制服不好看。

“我对战争的记忆不像我先生那样恐怖,因为我没有经历过真正的恐怖。这和我‘当兵’的地点有直接的关系。如果我在东线参战,命运会是另一种样子。希特勒自杀以后,接任他职位的海军将军邓尼茨(他应该说是德国历史上任期最短的国家领导人)立即在吕贝克宣布投降。投降的命令一下,我们这一群‘女兵’立即就被遣散回家了。这是英国‘绅士’们的决定,他们不难为战败国的妇女。

说话间,安捷又翻出了一本相册,那上面都是去苏联旅游时拍摄的照片。她喋喋不休地给我一张接一张地介绍,就这样大约过去了半个小时她才意犹未尽地合上相册,她说:“那都是1989年的事了,我们刚从那里回来不久,苏联就解体了。德国人没有打垮他们,他们自己垮掉了。”

安捷和她的老先生如今都成为了坚决的反战人士,并且一致视新纳粹组织为德国公敌。

责任编辑:张海潮
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