军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China

谁曾让美国失去了中国?2050号报告影响深远

2016-08-16 15:37:21   陶短房

上世纪40年代末、50年代初,在美国府院之间发生一场关于“谁让美国失去了中国”的大讨论。当时,美国政府在支持国民党还是支持共产党之间犹疑不决,使得美国与新中国“失之交臂”。

对立两派争议是否援助蒋介石

1947年,国共内战进入关键的一年,当时美国杜鲁门政府内部出现了对立的两派,一派认为国民党军事上已处劣势,政治上也十分腐败,不可救药,美国应停止对之军援。另一派同意国民党军事上已处劣势,但认为这是美援不够所致,美国应增加对华军援帮助国民党反共。前者以国务卿马歇尔、后者以魏德迈为代表,展开激烈争论。魏德迈当年访华后提交《魏德迈报告》,建议美英苏共管东北,遭到马歇尔激烈反对,认为这是“对中国主权的不尊重”。争论无根本结果,马歇尔认定蒋介石必败、援助一个失败者会有损美国威望的说法,得到总统杜鲁门的赞同,而魏德迈的主张则在美国国会获得更多共鸣。

1948年是美国大选年,蒋介石恼怒杜鲁门对他态度不恭,把宝押在民调一路领先的共和党候选人杜威身上,未曾想杜鲁门凭借历史性大逆转连任总统,后者连任成功后迁怒于蒋介石,斥之为“盗窃美国7.5亿美元援助的窃贼”,开始试图以其他代理人取代蒋,甚至暗中和中共接触。

但当时冷战氛围已经渐浓,美国国会和共和党人对杜鲁门“放弃反共”的批评声浪很高。预见到中国大陆必将“赤化”的杜鲁门试图出台一份报告,解释“国民党必败”的道理,以推卸自己“任由中国大陆落入中共之手”的“历史罪责”。早在1948年11月,杜鲁门就想出台这份报告,无奈选战空前激烈,迫使他不得不暂缓出手。

“艾奇逊白皮书”两面不讨好

1949年5月,中共已占领南京,国民党即将失去整个大陆,杜鲁门政府意识到不能再拖,遂指令国务院成立“艾奇逊小组”,以前哥伦比亚大学法学教授翟世普领衔,包括各方面专家80余人,负责编纂《中美关系白皮书》,当年8月5日正式发表,即广为人知的“艾奇逊白皮书”。

这份白皮书从1844年《中美望厦条约》至1949年李宗仁致信杜鲁门,叙述了105年的中美关系,全文8章,附件8份,长1054页,其中绝大多数篇幅都用于叙述二战后美国对华政策,及对蒋的各种援助,并引述和使用了大量鲜为人知的一手文献。白皮书中辛辣抨击了蒋介石政府的腐败无能和无可救药,力图证明“美国在合理范围内不论做什么,都无法改变中国大陆被共产党占领的结果”、“中国现状是内因而非外因所造成”。很显然,白皮书的长篇大论,所要阐明的主旨无非是两条:失去中国的罪魁祸首是蒋介石和国民党,而不是美国、尤其不是杜鲁门政府的决策失误;美国将不再援助国民党和蒋介石政府,但也不承认中国共产党。

上一页1/2下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160816/23303313.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/03/03 02:17:17

Powered by China
China