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一介书生的抗战:非暴力不合作思想影响大批精英

2016-08-12 14:04:25   

无论是在中国现代教育史、文化外交史,还是电影史上,厉麟似都是一个很有分量的人物。他是民国时期著名的教育家、语言学家和文化外交家,也是我国电化教育的奠基人和中欧教育文化交流的先驱。然而,很少有人知道,这位斐然成家的留日学者还是一位抗日斗士。抗战时期,他的“非暴力不合作”思想影响了大批的文化人,他的军事研究成果在抗战中发挥了重要作用。

厉麟似(1896~1970),原名厉家祥,字麟似,浙江省杭州市人。他出生在江南书香世家,父亲厉良玉是晚清金石书画名家,高高祖厉鹗是清代诗坛领袖,三位兄长厉绥之、厉尔康和厉瀛程也都是民国时期响当当的人物。据载,厉麟似家族是周朝开国名相姜子牙的后裔。厉麟似既出身于名门世家,自小便受到了很好的家庭熏陶,打下了十分扎实的国学功底。在杭州府中学堂就读时,与徐志摩和郁达夫是同窗,并结为挚友。1915年毕业于同济大学语言科后,厉麟似赴日本上智大学留学四年,回国后又以优异的成绩考取了官费赴德留学生,在德国期间先后获得了德国耶拿大学法学硕士学位与海德堡大学哲学博士学位。厉麟似在留洋的十余年间结识了周恩来、朱德、林语堂、陈寅恪等一批留德学人,并接触到了很多西方的进步思想。这些都为他日后走上与日本侵略者“非暴力不合作”的抗争之路埋下了伏笔。

学成归国后,厉麟似积极投身国家教育事业与文化外交事业。1932年,厉麟似代表国民政府赴欧洲考察教育,回国后积极投身教育建设与中欧文教事业的交流与合作,有力地推动了中国教育事业的改革与中欧文化交流。他分别与蔡元培、朱家骅、陶行知、陈立夫等人一同发起创立了国联世界文化合作中国协会、中德文化协会、中国教育学会、中国教育电影协会等民国时期较有影响的对外组织与文教组织。期间,他曾先后担任国民政府教育部社会教育司司长、考试院考选委员会副委员长、国立中央大学教授等职,并兼任国民政府电影检查委员会常委、中国国联同志会理事、中德学会董事等职。

  作为国民政府时期电影行业的最高行政官员之一,厉麟似积极吸收和借鉴国外最新思想与技术成果,并对我国电影行业进行了改革。他积极推行教育电影,为国产影片制定标准,抵制不良影片;他大力发展民族电影事业,为拍摄国产优质教育影片积极筹资,举办优良国产影片评选,并首次提出了我国电影的分级制度;他积极推介《渔光曲》、《三个摩登女性》等优质国产影片参加国际电影节,并引入了一批国外的优秀教育影片;他还与陈立夫等人一同编纂发行了中国第一部电影百科辞典——《中国电影年鉴(1934)》。

1936年,厉麟似翻译出版了德国“国防军之父”塞克特将军的代表作《一个军人之思想》。该书在国民党军方中广为流传,成为军队建设的重要参考书。抗战爆发前夕,他曾受友人军事理论家蒋百里之邀为其翻译德国军事著作,后又听取了蒋百里的建议,举家由南京迁至上海,全力助其翻译德国军事著作。在八年抗战期间,厉麟似翻译了很多日本和德国的军事著作,并做了大量的研究。他的研究成果在抗日战争中发挥了重要作用,但多数研究成果他都没有署名,所以他的名字在军事教育领域并不像蒋百里那样为大众所熟知。

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