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日本侨民在侵华战争中扮演的丑恶角色:罪行累累

2016-08-04 11:23:53   人民网

日侨是日本殖民统治的重要工具。日军占领北平后,为有效进行殖民统治,在日军操纵下,北平成立由日本“顾问”控制的傀儡政权。1937年9月25日,日本华北方面军特务部制定《关于建立华北政权的方案》,规定“适应时局的发展,及时地向华北建立亲日满为其政纲的政权”,“聘请少数有能力的日本人为顾问”。在日本军国主义的控制下,北平的各级机构,从中央到地方,都聘请大批日本“顾问”,协助中国方面的行政、司法、军事、警察等业务。这些日本人名为“顾问”,实际充任监督者和“太上皇”,成为北平伪政权的幕后实际统治者。伪政府还聘请了由日本华北方面军司令官推荐的日本技术员、教授、教官、教导员等担任伪政府的职员。如北平“东亚文化促进会”,“会长”“部长”有日人6人,日籍“评议员”59人,中国人则只有39人。“华北交通株式会社”北平总社,主要职员133名,中国人只有24名,其余109人全是日本人。侨民在各级机构中名为“顾问”,实为“太上皇”,不论大事小情,如得不到“顾问”同意不能做,一切文告无“顾问”签名盖章无效。“顾问”成为北平日侨的一个显著职业特点,他们实际掌控北平各级政权机构,使伪政权的一切处于日本军国主义的控制之下,成为日本进行殖民统治的有效工具。

日侨是殖民经济的掠夺者。20世纪初日侨就开始进入北京进行华北经济调查,1918年,满铁在北京设立“华北经济调查所”,重点调查我国华北和内蒙古地区的经济和资源状况,为其侵略做准备。七七事变前,大量日侨明目张胆地在北平走私白银,“每日约可运出现银十万余两”。后来走私几乎遍及所有商品,人造丝、白糖、卷烟纸、火油、颜料、铁丝、自行车零件、种子、药品等等,无货不私,无私不走。日侨的走私行为,直接减少了北平市场的货币供应量,走私商品以低价倾销,造成不公平竞争,严重扰乱北平商业秩序,是经济侵略的重要步骤。冀东伪政府成立后,日侨在通县加紧殖民掠夺。1936年,日侨在通县开设冀东银行,禁止流通法币,自行印制纸币,通过金融手段垄断经济。北平沦陷后,日侨中诸如财阀、投机商、高利贷者、贩毒浪人、妓院老板等各色人等,以日军武力征服为后台,不遗余力地以各种方式参与对北平的“开发”,成为日本对北平殖民经济掠夺的重要力量。1938年,日本政府批准成立了具有特殊法人地位的北支那开发株式会社,即华北开发股份公司,垄断经营华北地区的交通、运输、通信、电气、矿产及盐等基本产业和国防产业,企图加速掠夺华北地区的战略资源。日侨控制煤、铁等战略资源,如日本在门头沟地区设立收煤所,“军管理”人白鸟吉乔,垄断价格,低价收购,再以高价卖出,控制民营煤窑经营,使众多小煤窑债台高筑,无法正常生产。日侨还利用武力,直接强占或采用收买、“合办”等方式霸占中国企业。据当时报纸报道:“北平的日侨的一半约二万五千人以上是经商的,开有商店约二千零二十六家,许多中国人的铺子、大买卖被强迫挂上日文招牌,或者完全被日本人无理强占。”1942年燕京大学教授董鲁安(于力)在《人鬼杂居的北平市》一书中记述:“七七以后北平城内敌寇的商店和住户日益加多,敌方的资本家更纷向城中投资,半强占、半购买大房,改建工作场和仓库之类。”日侨还通过建立各行业联合会或协会垄断市场,控制北平经济,据1944年10月的统计,北平日商各行业组合达67家、行业协会21家,统一协调本行业的竞争,维护其殖民利益。日侨大量掠夺北平经济资源和财富,严重扰乱北平市场,摧毁民族工商业,给北平的民族经济造成严重损失,使北平人民遭受极大的苦难。

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