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1949年初何事件导致国民党政府成“全民公敌”?

2016-07-26 16:11:30   人民网

核心提示:“一个新币如此快速贬值,影响如此众多人民的生活,世所罕见。”吴兴镛《黄金密档》一书中,收录了一位大陆医学教授2004年的来信:“政府撤退到台湾时,我已年近三十,利用金圆券收刮民间硬通货,强运台湾的情况,恍如昨日,多少小康人家倾家荡产,十分痛恨。”“金圆券成为废纸,人民财产付诸东流,国民政府也就成了全民公敌。”

金圆券 资料图

本文摘自:本文摘自:人民网,作者:毛剑杰,原题:1949百万两黄金运台:蒋经国问心有愧,称每个铜钱都是血,节选

意外的是,这批黄金启运后第三日,《申报》就登出了简讯“谓某夜中国银行曾运出物资若干箱云云”。

消息源头是英国记者乔治·维恩发表于《字林西报》的报道。该报办公地点就在紧邻中国银行的上海和平饭店楼上,200万两黄金秘密装船启运当晚,乔治·维恩从办公室窗户目睹了全过程。联想到徐蚌会战败局,乔治·维恩进而推断国府对未来已有新安排。于是他连夜发出消息称“中国全部黄金正在用传统的方式——苦力运走。”

沉浸在捕获独家惊天秘闻的喜悦中,乔治·维恩没有意识到他的报道激怒了当局,于是很快被抓捕、速审速决判处死刑。幸亏其夫人赶紧托香港外国记者协会主席直接找到蒋介石求情,才得释放。

然而消息毕竟是公开了,原本发行仅半年已贬值500倍的金圆券,此刻更如“雪崩似地狂贬”,完全失控。

抗战结束之初,国民政府发行金圆券强兑民间黄金,引得民怨沸腾,被普遍认为是败亡先兆。尔后物价失守、金圆券一路狂贬,令民怨持续发酵,政府被迫宣布允许上海市民以1000金圆券兑换黄金1两,但每天限兑1000两,先来先购。

在市民排长队等待兑换黄金的当口,蒋介石却将原本用于金圆券发行准备的巨额国库黄金悉数南运,民众的焦灼顿时变成了绝望的疯狂:1948年12月24日,等待兑换黄金的人们情绪失控,为挤进银行不顾一切争抢、冲撞、踩踏,酿成7死50伤,是为“黄金挤兑惨案”。

尔后,国民政府立刻宣布停止以金圆券兑换黄金,此举彻底阻断人民生路:1948年8月金圆券刚发行时,2元金圆券能换1块银元;到1949年1月已经变成1000:1;到4月23日解放军攻进南京时,1000万金圆券都兑不到1块银元;到1949年6月,银元价格更是达到了5亿金圆券一枚。

“一个新币如此快速贬值,影响如此众多人民的生活,世所罕见。”吴兴镛《黄金密档》一书中,收录了一位大陆医学教授2004年的来信:“政府撤退到台湾时,我已年近三十,利用金圆券收刮民间硬通货,强运台湾的情况,恍如昨日,多少小康人家倾家荡产,十分痛恨。”

“金圆券成为废纸,人民财产付诸东流,国民政府也就成了全民公敌。”

责任编辑:张海潮
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