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一些战俘通过政治学习初步明白了马列主义的一些基础知识,了解了苏联国内的一些现实情况。为了巩固思想改造的成果,战俘们还在劳改营里创办了《日文报》,交流彼此的学习感悟和心得体会。此外,他们还在1947年末创办了《新生》板报,用16开的白纸写成文章贴在板上,供大家阅览。板报还登载一些小故事、笑话、谜语等,这些活动无疑调节了战俘们枯燥而繁重的劳役生活。
然而,事实上多数战俘政治学习的效果并不理想。首先,不少讲授者本身就是日本战俘,他们没有系统接受过马列主义理论教育,因而也就没什么这方面的理论素养,此前更没有讲授过马列主义理论,仅懂得点俄语、有些文化而已,如此就被安排讲授艰涩的马列主义理论课,效果自然大打折扣。现年70多岁的日本东村山市的退休教师益田实,当年是日本战俘之一,多年后他这样回忆当时的情形:“……我1米73的个儿,戴着深度近视眼镜,乍一看像是个知识分子,于是战俘民主委员会的一名委员对我说:‘从明天开始,给大家讲解这个。’这是一本我从来没见过的《联共(布)党史简明教程》,厚一公分左右,我只好天天开夜车阅读,然后给人讲解。幸好没有出丑就讲完了,当时可真是如履薄冰啊!”
其次,作为劳改所政治学习活动受众的日本战俘大多数人文化程度不高,这也影响了政治学习的效果。不少人都是刚入伍才一两年就沦为战俘了,年纪还不到20岁,只有小学或初中文化,有些干脆就没上过学,整体文化水平不高,接受马列主义理论显然比较吃力。中国末代皇帝、后来成为日本人傀儡的溥仪在押苏联期间也曾参加过苏联劳改营当局安排的这种政治学习,他在《我的前半生》一书中回忆了自己当时的感受:“为了我们学习,收容所当局发给了我们一些中文书籍,并且有一个时期,叫我的弟弟和妹夫给大家照着本子讲《列宁主义问题》和《联共(布)党史简明教程》。讲的人莫名其妙,听的人也糊里糊涂。我自己心里只是纳闷,这和我有什么关系……‘学习’这两个字,那时对我说起来,还不如青椒、西红柿现实一些。每次学习,我坐在讲桌旁边一个特殊的座位上,总是一边听‘教员’结结巴巴地讲我不懂而且也不想懂的‘孟什维克’、‘国家杜马’,一边胡思乱想:‘如果能住在莫斯科,或者伦敦,这些珠宝首饰够我用几年?’‘苏联人不吃茄子,这回收下的茄子,怎么个吃法?’……不过,我还能装出很像用心听的样子,可有的人就不同了,他们索性打起鼾来。”具有相当文化素养的溥仪尚且听得如此“糊里糊涂”,那些没什么文化的日本战俘听课的效果便可想而知了。
责任编辑:张海潮
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