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揭1937年北平抗战“冀东保安队”起义始末

2016-07-21 13:29:51   人民网

殷汝耕对张庆余、张砚田等人亦早有戒心。第一、第二总队训练有素,武器精良,战斗力强,抗日情绪浓厚。张庆余、张砚田曾与教导总队长沈维干(原属张庆余部下)密谋设立一个与殷汝耕并驾齐驱的军务长官,以便掌握更多军权。后来此计被殷汝耕知晓,但因张庆余等掌握军权,殷未敢采取非常措施,反托人从中疏解,并多次宴请张庆余,企图拉他上钩。张庆余、张砚田表面上服从,但内心蔑视殷汝耕,私下四处活动,积蓄力量,以待时机。

(三)卢沟桥事变为起义创造时机

早在1936年初,通过原冯玉祥国民军宿将、河北省哥老会首领之一张树声斡旋,张庆余、张砚田曾赴天津与“冀察政务委员会”委员长宋哲元秘密接触。宋哲元对二人爱国和抗日态度表示欢迎,希望他们坚定立场,强化军队训练,做好准备工作,并赠予每人一万元经费。

卢沟桥事变爆发,张庆余派心腹刘春台密往北平面见时任国民革命军29军37师师长兼河北省政府主席的冯治安请示机宜。冯治安请他于中日开战时一面出其不意在通州起义,一面分兵侧击丰台,起到夹击效果。刘春台与29军参谋长张樾亭取得联系,张樾亭将张庆余、张砚田所部编入29军战斗序列,随时准备策应29军抗日而发动起义。

与此同时,为预防29军进攻通州,日军特务机关长细木繁召集张庆余和张砚田召开军事会议,商讨防守事宜。张庆余建议将散驻各处的保安队集中通州待命,增强力量,可攻可守。细木繁采纳他的建议,同时将分散在各地的日侨集中通州便于保护。张庆余和张砚田则分别调回散驻各处的部队,暗中部署起义。

(四)日军轰炸保安队成为起义导火索

当时通州武装部队有:日本警备队、特务机关宪兵队,分驻西仓、东仓和西塔胡同;保安队第一总队、教导总队,分驻老四营等地;城外有中国军队29军独立第39旅第2团第1营,分驻新城南门外的三义庙、宝通寺、王恕园和城东南发电厂。29军驻地与日、伪军驻地只相隔一堵城墙、一座水桥,双方相互戒备,摩擦不断。

1937年7月27日凌晨,驻通州日军突然向29军发动攻击,29军官兵奋力反击。由于29军提前布防,加之部署在通州旧城南门的保安队并未截击29军,只是对空鸣枪放炮虚张声势,29军得以安全撤离。日军对保安队甚为不满。

当日9时,日军12架飞机轰炸旧城南门外保安队教导总队营地,保安队10余人伤亡,房屋被炸毁。事后,日本外交官认定“此事责任都在日本陆军身上”。日军特务机关长细木繁和保安队日本顾问渡边称这次轰炸是“误会”,以道歉了事。日军轰炸事件,激起保安队奋起自救自卫,成为保安队起义的导火索。

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