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和珅的官场权术:儿子娶公主 女儿嫁给皇族

2016-07-12 15:06:37   人民网

乾隆五十四年(1789年),和孝公主与丰绅殷德将要举行指婚礼。闰五月初二日,乾隆又下谕旨说:“凡下嫁外藩固伦公主,例支俸银一千两。如系在京住者,即照下嫁八旗之例支给。从前和敬固伦公主,虽系在京居住,而傣银、缎匹仍照外藩之例支领,年久未使截减,是以降旨仍许照旧关支。今和孝固伦公主,系朕幼女,且在朕前承欢侍养,孝谨有加,将来下嫁后,所有应支俸禄,亦著一体赏给一千两,以昭平允,而示嘉奖。”这就是说,和孝公主的俸禄是最高一级的,与下嫁外藩的固伦公主相同,显然这是乾隆对她的偏爱。

与此同时,乾隆还下谕旨:“命固伦额附丰绅殷德在御前行走。”后又被授予散秩大臣。

这一年的十一月二十七日,是黄道吉日,刚刚十五岁的和孝固伦公主和丰绅殷德举行了婚礼。乾隆除了赏给她大量的土地、庄丁和奴仆外,还赏赐了一大批妆奁。赏赐物件的清单如下:

红宝石朝帽顶一个,嵌二等东珠十颗。

金凤五只,嵌五等东珠二十五颗,内无光七颗,碎小正珠一百二十颗,内乌拉正珠二颗,共重十六两五钱。

金翟鸟一只,碎小正珠十九颗,(随)金镶青金桃花垂挂一件,嵌色小正珠八颗,穿色小正珠一百八十颗,珊瑚坠角三个,连翟鸟共重五两三钱。

帽前金佛一尊,嵌二等东珠二颗。

帽后金花二枝,嵌五等东珠二颗。

金(银)珊瑚头箍二围,嵌二等东珠七颗,重四两七钱。

金镶青金方胜垂挂一件,嵌色小正珠二十四颗,穿碎小正珠二百四十九颗,珊瑚坠角三个,重四两五分……

乾隆不但赐给和孝公主大批妆奁,而且在同一天赏赐给丰绅殷德大量礼品。

此外,乾隆还赏给丰绅殷德额驸头等女子四名、二等女子四名、三等女子四名。每名女子各赏有皮、棉、夹衣、丝缎衣料,银项圈、铜耳坠等物。并赏给户口男人十一人,女人十一人,户口管领二人,也各赏有衣物等。

乾隆觉得这些礼品还不太够,又格外赏给和孝公主和丰绅殷德额附做衣服、被褥和帐幔等物用的绸、缎、纱等八百五十九匹,其中包括:大卷八丝缎一百七十六匹、妆缎二十二匹、小卷八丝缎二匹、锦十一匹、倭缎四匹、小卷闪缎十六匹、大卷纱六十九匹,等等。

此外,在和孝公主举行合卺礼后六月,按清朝礼节和孝公主与丰绅殷德额附还要进宫举行回门礼,那天乾隆又赏赐给和孝公主和丰绅殷德一大批礼品。

据当时目睹和孝公主下嫁情景的朝鲜使臣记载:“皇女于归,特赐帑银三十万。大官手奉如意珠贝,拜辞于皇女轿前者,无虑屡千百,虽以首阁老阿桂之年老位尊,亦复不免云。”

朝鲜使者还把和孝公主与和嘉公主下嫁福隆安时的情景作了比较,他说:“乾隆对和孝公主宠爱之隆,妆奁之侈,十倍于前驸马福隆安时,自过婚日,辇送器玩于主第者,论其值,殆过数百万金。”这还不算,乾隆又借着和孝公主过生日之际,赏给她一批礼物,其中主要有:紫檀嵌玉如意一柄,汉玉开璧磐一件,上拴青玉鸠一件,紫檀架白玉仙山一件,紫檀座汉玉葵花洗一件,紫檀座碧玉双孔花插一件,茜牙座青玉海棠洗一件,紫檀商丝座青绿双官瓶一件,紫檀座青花白地敞口瓶一件,紫檀座玛瑙葵花碗一件,绿晶蕉叶花插一件,紫牙白檀座八成金五两重金锞九个,藏香九束自鸣钟,五十两重银元宝九个,等等。

由此可见,乾隆肯把自己最心爱的小女儿和孝公主下嫁给和珅的儿子丰绅殷德,并赏赐给他们极其丰富的妆奁,这是乾隆对和珅的极大宠幸,也是提高和珅身份地位的一个手段。另外,和珅从此与乾隆结成了儿女亲家,彼此关系更进一步加深了,这是其他官僚所望尘莫及的,和珅实际上成了第一权臣,是别人高不可攀的勋贵国戚。

而且,和珅的女儿也嫁给了皇族,她是一位贝勒的福晋。这位贝勒是康熙的曾孙。

和珅与皇帝有亲戚关系的另一个例子,就是和珅的侄女,即和琳之女嫁给了乾隆的孙子绵庆。绵庆为永琛的第六子,“乾隆五十五年袭质郡王,嘉庆九年薨。谥曰恪”。“绵庆幼聪颖,年十三,侍高宗避暑山庄校射,中三矢,赐黄马褂、三眼孔雀翎。通音律,体孱弱,嘉庆九年薨,年仅二十六。仁宗深惜之,赐银五千,谥曰属。”而永琛为乾隆“第六子,嗣允禧后。乾隆二十四年袭贝勒,三十七年晋质郡王。五十四年晋封亲王,五十五年薨,谥曰庄”。和琳女儿嫁给质恪郡王一事,是由和珅一手为之操办的。此外,朝鲜使臣也记述了和珅与皇家联姻之事:“吏部尚书和珅,去年(指乾隆四十九年)升为军机大臣,子尚皇女,女配皇孙,权势日隆。皇帝遣内侍轮番共第,势焰嚣天,缙绅趋附。”由以上几例和珅家与皇家联姻之事,可以得知和珅家族与皇室关系是非常深的,如果和珅没有极高的媚上之术是不可能做到这一点的。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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