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揭秘汪精卫之妻陈璧君在监狱如何度过晚年

2016-06-16 15:30:55   档案春秋

大汉奸汪精卫之妻、曾任国民政府中央监察委员的陈璧君,于1946年4月被国民政府江苏高等法院判处无期徒刑,褫夺公权终身。1949年她从苏州监狱移押到上海提篮桥监狱,1959年6月17日因病死于狱中,享年68岁。多年来,笔者通过查阅大量的文史、档案材料,采访当年曾经管理过陈璧君的多名管教干部,还采访了当年常到监狱送物、探视,并为陈璧君处理后事的陈家远房亲戚谭文亮先生,遂成此文。文中不少史料为首次披露。

提篮桥监狱大门

移押上海

1949年7月1日,陈璧君与日本女谍中岛成子一起从苏州移押到上海,关押在提篮桥监狱十字楼的女监(全部由女性干部管理)。十字楼高6层,建筑面积6560平方米,大小囚室150间,楼顶有4个放风场,设施较齐全。解放前这里原是关押外籍犯男犯和日本战犯的地方,每间牢房大多为8个平方米,两扇高窗,还有一张固定的铁床、桌子、凳子和抽水马桶。考虑到陈璧君与中岛成子较长时间关押于一室,相互比较熟悉,为利于监管工作,女监干部就把两人也安排在一间牢房内。牢房内只有一张铁床,陈璧君年龄偏大,身体不好,就让陈璧君睡床,中岛成子睡地铺。

在收押陈璧君以前,提篮桥监狱干部作了认真研究。针对陈璧君的性格、经历、罪行、身体等情况,妥善作了安排。尤其对她的称呼,也作了研究。过去陈璧君在广州、南京、苏州监狱关押时,看守人员人前人后都称她为“汪夫人”。有一次一名国民党的少将军官,因为叫了她的名字,而受到陈璧君的当面辱骂。提篮桥监狱干部们认为“我们是共产党的监狱,不论干部、犯人,决不允许称陈璧君为‘汪夫人’或‘陈先生’”,按规定犯人在监狱改造期间,犯人之间都一律称番号,干部称呼犯人,也用番号,不叫名字”。

曾经关押过陈璧君的监楼

提篮桥监狱犯人的番号一般为4~5位数,其中女犯番号前大多冠以“20”的代码。陈璧君入监后,番号为“20304”,简称304。中岛成子的番号为“20305”,简称305。由于所有女犯每人都有一个番号,对每个犯人都一视同仁,陈璧君也无话可说。当时,监狱犯人称管教干部为“先生”(后来改称“队长”),因此,陈璧君对干部通称为先生,对女监的监长、训导员等干部则以其任职务而称之。

监狱干部考虑到陈璧君曾留学海外,有较高的文化水平,比较喜欢阅读书报,每天供犯人阅读的报纸来了,一般先让陈璧君看,监狱图书馆书籍的借阅,也给她一定的优待。入狱初期,尽管陈璧君不认罪,不服判,但她看书还是十分认真的。所以,在1949年9月26日的《新闻报》,一篇《东方“巴士底”的解放,上海市人民法院监狱参观记》中,这样写道:“我们看到女汉奸陈璧君,头上包着一块白布,穿着蓝色的旧囚衣,躺在床上正看萧军的《八月的乡村》”,在1949年底《解放日报》一篇《阳光照进监狱》的通讯中写道:“天字第一号奸首汪精卫的妻子陈璧君,在解放后积极多了,如每天向图书馆借阅书阅读消遣,最喜爱读的《联共党史》、《居里夫人》、《母亲》等这类得以教育的书籍。”

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