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揭秘:解放军如何登上国民党重兵守卫的华山

2016-05-24 16:09:54   陕西日报

1949年5月中旬,随着中国人民解放军第一野战军“陕中战役”的展开,已遭到我陕甘宁边区大荔军分区路东总队(以下简称总队)重创的国民党保安第六旅旅长兼第八区专员韩子佩率残部400余人逃上华山,企图凭借“自古华山一条道”的天险负隅顽抗。

华山,我国五岳名山之一,位于西安城东200余里华阴县城南,北依陇海铁路,南接秦岭,以其险峻挺拔而闻名中外。

华山有五峰,主峰为南峰、东峰和西峰。南峰分为落雁、朝阳、莲华;东峰和西峰,鼎峙耸立,高插入云,登临其顶,确有“只有天在上,更无山与齐”之感。除主峰外,还有玉女、五云、天台等峰,人称中峰和北峰。

华山的东西南三面都是层峦叠嶂,悬崖峭壁,无路可走。只有华山的北面可以上山,即常言所说的“自古华山一条道”,这条路也是崎岖难攀。凭此险要的地势,一夫当关,万夫难开。

韩子佩部逃上华山后,路东总队奉命回师华阴,任务是休整、剿匪、围困华山。为防止敌人逃跑,解放军增派一个连占领了华山东面通往陕南的皇甫峪口。原来一直在围困华山的一营部队仍然驻扎在华山脚下的玉泉院,担任上山道路的警戒任务,同时就地整训,并寻机歼灭山上之敌。

总队其余部队驻扎在华阴县城内整训,同时派少量部队执行剿匪任务。围困华山的部队安置好后,在加强整训、以防不测的同时开展调查研究,了解敌情。

当时敌人为了节省粮食,延长他们的抵抗时间,把山上的年轻道士驱逐下山,这正好为我军了解敌情创造了有利条件。

凡是从山上下来的人,总队首长都要找他们谈话,了解山上的情况。经过调查得知,韩子佩住在西峰,保六旅旅部和大荔专署职员驻扎在东峰、南峰,敌营长带一个排约30人驻扎在北峰,副营长指挥两个连沿北峰以下道路设防,直至山上的路口。

敌人认为华山只有一条路,只要他们守住这个天险,解放军是上不来的,因此他们饱食终日,抽烟打牌,思想麻痹。总队首长还了解到山上的存粮大概够敌人吃一年零四个月。

敌情基本搞清楚后,总队党委专门进行了研究。认为强攻不利,长期围困也有困难,敌人粮食够吃一年多,不能等待。

路东总队决定派参谋刘吉尧带侦察小分队进行秘密侦察。经过秘密查访,刘吉尧一行7人在华山东猩猩沟两岔口找到了一位名叫王银生的猎户,通过宣传动员,王银生向他们介绍了可从华山东峰石岩上爬到山顶的情况,并表示愿意为小分队带路。6月13日黎明,刘吉尧、王银生一行来到了东峰“天井”,这里地势险要,四周均为陡峭的山壁,王银生通过用竹竿挑将绳子拴在“井口”伸出的一根树干上形成了一道“天梯”,接着,战士们一个个小心翼翼地攀上了“天井”。天黑时,他们越过“青龙背”,从连接东峰的石崖上隐蔽机动到苍龙岭的老虎口附近。

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