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张学良谈国民党为何失败:蒋只用奴才不用人才

2016-04-29 14:37:04   文汇读书周报

张学良非常佩服红军二万五千里长征:“那所谓的二万里长征,几万里长征,(红军士兵)被包围,没有吃的,那么苦哇,可是他(们)还在一块,被打散了,他(们)还回来。当然了,他(们)的领导是共产党啊……那是共产党成功了。红军经过二万五千里长途疲惫,还能击败东北军,是值得深思的。”

张学良经常和他部下讨论为什么打不过共产党,他的结论是:“主要是共产党、红军信仰他的主义,甚至于每一个兵,完全是一个思想———共产主义,这是第一样;二一样,他们经历了万里长征,剩下的这些人哪,可以说都是精华呀。也不光是他的官,他的兵也是这样子。这可受不了呀!”

得民心者得天下,国民党不得民心,把老百姓逼得都当共产党了

得民心者得天下,这是千古铁律,张学良对此体会极深。他说:“九一八以后,无论是学生,还是老百姓,抗日情绪都很高哇。有人说这是受共产党的鼓动,这话我听不明白。老百姓的抗日情绪不能说是共产党鼓动的,这得反过来说,是人民自动,共产党顺应。”

张学良认为共产党之所以能发展壮大,就是因为共产党顺应了民意,并且说到做到。“既然大家都赞成抗日,那我共产党就去做。共产党的厉害,就是共产党能够看清这事情的趋势,知道民众往哪走,他知道了民众的意思,他就能够真正去那么做。”

张学良是个军人,一生军事生涯虽短,但他和日本打过仗,又是中国高级将领中跟苏联红军打过仗的,和北洋军阀打得更加激烈,和国民党新军阀也交过手。他说,打了那么多的仗,胜败不论,最不值得的是和红军打仗。他晚年一回想起“剿共”战争,就感到伤心:“那所谓‘剿匪’,真让人伤心啊,‘剿匪’的军队都实行坚壁清野,这可不是胡说八道。我是在后头,前头的军队呀,我也出去视察了,归我管嘛,我一看伤心透了,那房子都给人家烧了,坚壁清野呀!”“事实用不着烧房子,为什么烧?因为烧了,军队可以占便宜,可以把好东西都拿走啊。”“所以我反对内战,那内战真是没有人性啊。连我到前线去都没有地方睡觉,房子都被烧了。”

共产党之所以越剿越多,就是因为国民党军队对老百姓过于残忍,将老百姓“逼上梁山”:“那时政府真叫不讲理,都是自己的人民,你怎么能把人民当成俘虏看待呢?你是中国军队,怎么能那样看待老百姓?你那不是逼着老百姓上山当共产党吗?”“那真是把老百姓逼到山上去了,逼得老百姓都当共产党了,跟共产党一块儿和我们斗争。那杂牌军没有军饷咱不说,正规军也是一样,连烧带抢啊。老百姓被逼得没办法了,只好投奔共产党,和我们对打,我承认,这是官逼民反!”

老百姓和共产党站在了一起,国民党就陷入了被动挨打的汪洋大海之中。张学良说:“‘剿匪’的事归我管之后,我去各部队巡察,那才知道,共产党真厉害呀!你一不小心,他就来袭击你了。我一个部下,带着一个营的人,让共产党给袭击了。是这样的,他出去,好像为什么事情出去考察去,看见一个老太婆在门口缝鞋呢,她是共产党的侦探、眼线。我们的军队来了,她怎么办?在那地上立有一个杆子,她那个门上有个绳子,她一拉门上的绳拴,杆子就倒下来了,共产党看到了,就知道有军队来了。”

责任编辑:张海潮
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