军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China

毛泽东为何四次“批判”社会主义老战友铁托?

2016-04-29 14:33:15   中国共产党新闻网

接着,毛泽东在12月2日的中央政治局常委会议上进一步阐述了他对“斯大林主义”和“斯大林主义分子”的看法。他说:我们要讲清楚“什么是斯大林主义,为什么把共产党分为斯大林分子和非斯大林分子是错误的”。他坚持认为,“斯大林主义就是马克思主义”。确切地说,“是有缺点的马克思主义”,而“非斯大林主义化就是非马克思主义化,就是搞修正主义”。毛泽东甚至认为,铁托的演说,就是修正主义出现的标志。这为后来中国进一步批判南斯拉夫“修正主义”埋下了伏笔。

12月下旬,毛泽东曾多次主持中央政治局会议,讨论和修改《再论无产阶级专政的历史经验》一文。12月27日下午,毛泽东再次召集政治局常委开会,讨论文章的修改问题。毛泽东说他等着看稿子,胡乔木、田家英、吴冷西三人连夜在中南海居仁堂修改文章。他们修改完一段,毛泽东就看一段,他边看边改,一直工作到次日清晨。文章经毛泽东认真修改和审阅后,于12月28日晚向全国作了广播。29日,又以《人民日报》编辑部的名义发表了这篇文章。《再论无产阶级专政的历史经验》一文在肯定铁托演讲有其积极的一面后,又指责了铁托对兄弟党所抱的对立态度,特别是对铁托把所谓“斯大林主义”和“斯大林主义分子”作为攻击对象表示不满。

文章说,铁托同志在最近的言论中,“对于斯大林的错误和其他有关问题所采取的态度,据我们看来,不能够认为是全面的和客观的。南斯拉夫的同志们对于斯大林的错误抱有特殊的反感,这是可以理解的”。“我们也同意铁托同志这次演说中的一些论点,例如对于匈牙利反革命分子的谴责,对于匈牙利工农革命政府的支持,对于英、法、以三国侵略埃及的谴责,对于法国社会党采取侵略政策的谴责”。

但是,铁托在演讲中几乎对所有社会主义国家和许多共产党都进行了批评,并断定“顽固的斯大林主义分子……在各国党内设法继续保持他们的职位,他们再一次希望巩固他们的统治,把这种斯大林主义倾向强加在他们的人民的头上,甚至别国人民的头上”。铁托还说:“我们必须同波兰同志们一起反对其他国家的---无论东方国家的或西方国家的---党内出现的那种倾向。”对于铁托的这些言论,文章明确指出:铁托同志把“所谓‘斯大林主义’、‘斯大林主义分子’等等作为攻击的对象,并且认为现在的问题是‘在南斯拉夫开始的’路线和所谓‘斯大林主义路线’哪一个得胜的问题,这种态度是不正确的。这只能把国际共产主义运动引向分裂”。文章还说,即使铁托对兄弟党的批评有某些合理的部分,但是他所采取的基本立场和方法都违背了同志式讨论的原则。所以,文章说:“我们不能不向南斯拉夫的同志们提出兄弟般的劝告。”

关于社会主义建设,南斯拉夫曾一度照搬了苏联的经验。同欧洲共产党情报局决裂后,南共中央认真审视了本国的政策。

1951年,铁托在答外国记者问时说:“我们在以前的政策中犯了错误,表现为完全倒向苏联,而不是从一开始起,也即从战争结束起就奉行比较自主的政策。这对我们十分有害……在经济发展方面,我们也犯了错误,我们照抄了苏联的方法。我们仿效苏联的榜样,而且是错误地仿效。现在我们明白了。”

为了抛弃苏联高度集中的计划经济体制,南斯拉夫开始实行工人自治,由此开了社会主义国家改革苏联模式的先河。1949年12月,南共中央发出关于国营企业成立工人委员会的指示,推广工人自治。起初在215个企业中建立自治机构,后来扩展到800多个企业。在这方面,南共领导人片面地理解了马克思主义根据发达资本主义国家情况作出的有关论断,把它们套用到经济、文化都相对落后的南斯拉夫,认为工人阶级在掌握国家领导权后,国家就应当逐渐消亡;认为国家直接干预经济、权力过分集中,是产生官僚主义的根源。在他们看来,从现在起,就应该为国家的消亡、尤其是经济职能的消亡做准备。工人直接管理生产资料、支配劳动成果,就是为国家经济职能消亡创造条件。所以,南共中央把工人自治作为突破苏联模式、实现“非官僚化”、建设社会主义的经验加以推广。

责任编辑:张海潮
上一页4/6下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160429/22551532_4.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/28 12:04:19

Powered by China
China